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MD4001 Physiology > Sensory pathways 2 > Flashcards

Sensory pathways 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neospinothalamic pathway

A

discriminating part of the spinothalamic tract of the anterolateral system

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2
Q

what is the paliospinothalamic tract

A

non discriminating part of the spinothalamic tract of the anterolateral system

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3
Q

what is the spinomesencephalic tract

A

spinal cord to midbrain part of anterolateral system

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4
Q

what is the spinoreticular pathway

A

spinal cord to the reticulum part of the anterolateral system

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5
Q

what is the function of the midbrain (mesencephalon)

A

reflexes associated with hearing and vision
fine control of skeletal movement through the red nucleus
habituation and motivation via dopaminergic centers
ascending and descending information
can modulate pain

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6
Q

function of the thalamus

A

input from the cortex
gatekeeper to the cortex
controls arousal and somnolence of the cortex

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7
Q

the reticulum

A

carries information between different areas of the brainstem
can modulate pain
modulates the cortex via the thalamus

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8
Q

where does the neospinothalamic tract teminate

A

VPL nucleus

A delta fibres

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9
Q

where does the paliospinothalamic tract terminate

A

dorsomedial and intralaminar areas (not somatotopic)

composed of c fibres

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10
Q

why is the neospinothalamic tract able to discriminate pain

A

terminates in the VPL which is somatotopic

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11
Q

what part of the brain does the anterolateral system use to form a memory circuit

A

hippocampus and amygdala

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12
Q

how does the anterolateral system increase arousal

A

synapses with brainstem nuclei

pain prevents sleep

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13
Q

how does pain make you sweat and feel sick

A

stimulates hypothalamic autonomic circuitry

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14
Q

what causes the emotional component of pain

A

association with the limbic system

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15
Q

describe a cordotomy for terminal disease pain

A

lesions in the lateral spinothalamic tract cause decreased perception of pain and temperature on the contralateral side of the body one or two dermatomes below the level of the lesion

surgical procedure but only lasts for a year

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16
Q

can paresthesia result from spinothalamic tract lesion

A

not usually, may cause searing or shooting or burning pain

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17
Q

how do sensations travel from the head to the brain

A

trigeminal nerve branches

18
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal system

A

mesencephalic, main sensory pathway and the spinal pathway

19
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigmenial nerve

A

opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

20
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal mesecephalic nucleus

A

proprioception from the mouth and jaw

21
Q

wha tis the function of the trigeminal pontine sensory nucleus

A

discriminating touch, vibration and conscious proprioception from the face

22
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal motor nucleus

A

controls muscles of mastication

23
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal spinal nucleus

A

pain and temperature sensation from face back of tongue, pharynx, larynx and ear

24
Q

what are the two pathways from the principle trigeminal nucleus

A
  1. touch and vibration from the face via the trigmenial lemniscus to the contralateral VPM. projects somatopically to the somatosensory cortex
  2. carries touch and vibration via the ipsilateral posterior trigeminothalamic tract to the thalamus, from the mouth
25
Q

where does information go from the mesencephalic nucleus

A

unconscious proprioceptive information is passed to the cerebellum for processing

26
Q

what is the spinal trigeminal pathway

A

a homolog of the anterolateral system

A delta and C fibres which enter the brainstem at the midpontine level

27
Q

describe the features of the spinal trigeminal pathway

A

deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face.

carries pain information from 7, 9, 10 as well as 5

28
Q

what can trigeminal nerve lesions cause

A

loss of sensory or motor function depending on site of lesion

29
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia

A

intense shooting sharp pain in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve in response to light touch

may be associated with de myelination of the nerve

can be treated with phenytoin

30
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

gathers information about the body movements and compares them with planned movements of the body
then issues real time correctional information to acheive smooth movements

31
Q

what are the two types of information fed to the cerebellum

A

joint proprioception, cutaneous muscle spindle and golgi tendon organ information

all of the above but integrated with descending modulatory and reflex arc messages which provides information about how the CNS is moving

32
Q

describe the non integrated proprioceptive information pathway

A

information enters the cerebellum at the inferior peduncle via two ipsilateral pathways

  1. the posterior spinocerebellar tract
  2. the cuneocerebellar tract
33
Q

what is the posterior spinocerebellar tract

A

sensory axons from the lower limbs enter the dorsal horn and synapse in the vertical column known as Clarkes column.

post synaptic neurons in clarks column ascend to the cerebellum as the posterior spinocerebellar tract and enteres via the infeiror peduncle

34
Q

what is the cuneocerebellar tract

A

proprioceptive information form the upper limbs and neck to the cerebellum

35
Q

what are the two types of integrated proprioceptive and motor information

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

rostral spinocerebellar

36
Q

what is the anterior spinocerebellar tract

A

proprioceptive information to the cerebellum

double crosses

37
Q

what is the rostral spinocerebellar tract

A

transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum.

38
Q

what is freidreich’s ataxia

A

inherited disease where the spinocerebellar tract becomes increasingly ineffective

caused by frataxin repeats involved in iron metabolism

39
Q

what are the symptoms of freidrichs ataxia

A

uncoordinated arm and leg movements
reeling gait
intention tremor

40
Q

what is the cuneate nucleus

A

carries fine touch and proprioception from the upper body, part of the posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway,

found in the medulla

MD4001 Physiology (19 decks)

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