Motor Control 1 Flashcards
Where do lateral motor pathways project to
distal muscles
where do medial motor pathways project to
proximal and axial muscles
what is clarkes nucleus
control of unconscious proprioception
rubrospinal pathway
UL flexor facillitator
crosses in the midbrain
reticulospinal
feed forward maintenance of posture
postural adjustments and muscle tone
vestibulospinal
postural stability
extensor of proximal and axial muscles
anterior spinocerebellar
integrated lower limb unconscious proprioception
posterior spinocerebellar
non integrated lower limb unconscious proprioception
cuneocerebellar tract
UL non integrated descending modulatory motor
rostral cerebellar
integrated UL descending modulatory motor
tectospinal
yokes together head and eye movements
where does sharp pain cross in the spinal cord
anterior commissure
ventromedial pathways
posture and locomotion
axial and proximal muscles
brainstem control
lateral pathways
controls voluntary movements
distal muscles
controlled by cerebral cortex via corticospinal tracts
what is feedforward control of stability
anticipating and preparing for predicted instability
what inputs control posture
muscle proprioceptors
vestibular apparatus which derives sense of balance from gravity and head movements
visual inputs
converges in the brainstem
medial vestibular nucleus
bilateral medial vestibular tracts
found in the medulla
controls head position
lateral vestibular nucleus
ipsilateral tract which is part of the involuntary system
despite being quite lateral
provides extensor control over ipsilateral proximal limb and axial muscles
lateral vestibulospinal pathway
facilitates ipsilateral extensor motor neurones and inhibits flexor motor neurones innervating the proximal and axial muscles
enhances muscles spindle mediated stretch reflexes
increases tone to antigravity muscles when a loss of postural instability is detected
vestibulocollic reflex
keeps the head stable by acting on the neck
cervicocollic reflex
mediated proprioceptively by muscle spindles in neck muscles
causes the head to return to its normal position in space by counteracting the action of stretched muscles
cervicospinal reflex
position of the neck alters tone in the muscles of the arm
pontine reticular nucleus
excitatory part of the reticulospinal pathway (feedforward maintainance of posture)
medullary reticular nucleus
inhibitory part of reticulospinal pathway
where does information for integration in the reticulum come from
cortical areas
vestibular nuclei
proprioception
cerebellar output
information is processed in the reticulum
how is reticulospinal corrective output executed
alpha motor neurons innervate trunk and proximal limb effectors
exitation/inhibition of gamma motor neurons which increase muscle tone
how is the reticular pathway (medullary part) linked to the limbic system
physical expression of emotion aka body language
where does the tectospinal pathway arise
superior colliculus which receives direct input from the retina
