The Life Course Of The musculoskeletal System And Implications For the Populations Flashcards
At what age dose the growth spurt starts for girls?
10 years of age.
At what age dose the growth spurt starts for boys?
12 years of age.
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.
What effect dose relaxin have during pregnancy?
Relaxin (a hormone released from the first trimester) softens ligaments, cartilage and the cervix, allowing greater potential movement at joints.
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for young people (14-16)?
- Growth spurts
- Muscle mass steady increase
- Reduced flexibility (muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth)
- Disproportionate limbs (biomechanically out of balance and less coordinated)
- Body fat (obesity in children and young people also require specific considerations)
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for older adults (50+)?
- Progressive loss of bone mass (osteopenia, risk of osteoporosis)
- Reduction in joint range of movement
- Wear and tear to cartilage (osteoarthritis)
- Postural changes (kyphosis)
- Decreased number of fast twitch and increase number of slow twitch muscle fibres
- Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
- Higher body fat and lower fat-free body mass
What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for pregnant or post-natal women?
- Reduced joint stability (relaxin)
- Weaker pelvic floor muscles
- Lengthened and weakened abdominal muscles (growing foetus)
- Postural changes (kyphosis or lordosis) hollow back posture