The Life Course Of The musculoskeletal System And Implications For the Populations Flashcards

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1
Q

At what age dose the growth spurt starts for girls?

A

10 years of age.

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2
Q

At what age dose the growth spurt starts for boys?

A

12 years of age.

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3
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.

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4
Q

What effect dose relaxin have during pregnancy?

A

Relaxin (a hormone released from the first trimester) softens ligaments, cartilage and the cervix, allowing greater potential movement at joints.

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5
Q

What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for young people (14-16)?

A
  • Growth spurts
  • Muscle mass steady increase
  • Reduced flexibility (muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth)
  • Disproportionate limbs (biomechanically out of balance and less coordinated)
  • Body fat (obesity in children and young people also require specific considerations)
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6
Q

What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for older adults (50+)?

A
  • Progressive loss of bone mass (osteopenia, risk of osteoporosis)
  • Reduction in joint range of movement
  • Wear and tear to cartilage (osteoarthritis)
  • Postural changes (kyphosis)
  • Decreased number of fast twitch and increase number of slow twitch muscle fibres
  • Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
  • Higher body fat and lower fat-free body mass
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7
Q

What changes to the musculoskeletal system would affect exercise for pregnant or post-natal women?

A
  • Reduced joint stability (relaxin)
  • Weaker pelvic floor muscles
  • Lengthened and weakened abdominal muscles (growing foetus)
  • Postural changes (kyphosis or lordosis) hollow back posture
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