The Late Republic, Caesar, and Road to Empire - 1/18/23 Flashcards
Spartacus facts (3)
-Thracian Leader
-forced to be a roman gladiator
-organizer of a gladiator prison breakout
Significance of Spartacus
Rome often has revolts yet Spartacus inspired plebians AND slaves to fight back
The 2 primary Roman political groups and who they were
Optimates - people who supported the rich/wealthy
Populares - people who supported primarily the common people
Nobilitus:
inheritance or expected greatness from great ancestors
Political group Caesar sides with & why
Populares since he reasoned that strength in numbers would beat the rich Marius also sided with them too (unexpected choice)
Winner of the civil war
Sulla/the optimates
Spares Caesar but purges many
Sulla
Reason Caesar was spared & how this changed him
Caesar was spared because Sulla saw Marius in him
This changed Caesar since he realized value in forgiveness
Caesar joins this to gain honor/build an impressive resume & keep away from Sulla
The Roman army
Sulla dies so Caesar
leaves the army to speak out about goverment corruption
Whilst speaking out about goverment corruption Caesar proposes
reforms and 8 changes (caesar becomes popular with the people)
Defining Characteristic: While captured by pirates Caesar demands
a higher ransom & becomes friends with pirates
Caesar essential becomes the only Consul in _____ by ____
59bc intimidation
Members of the First Triumvirate & their roles
Caesar - the popular and former military general
Crassus - Wealthiest man in Rome
Pompy - Rome’s best general
Caesar unauthorized conquers all of
Gaul into Germania & a foothold in Britania
Caesar demands full political power from
Cicero
Cicero is
Rome’s former senate leader (highly respected)
Caesar is declared this by the senate
PUBLIC enemy #1
legitimate political power can’t be won by the sword -_______
Cicero
Crossing the Rubicon:
Doing something that cannot be undone
January 10th significance
Caesar crossed the Rubicon, invading Rome
_______ abandons Rome at the sight of Caesar rendering Rome _______
Pompy defenseless
remaining alive senators grants
Caesar dictatorship (king for life)
Caesar creates an alliance with
Cleopatra
March 15, 44bc is the
Ides of March
Organizers of Caesar’s death
former friends Brutus & Cassius
Caesar’s death spot & date
The senate floor on March 15
Caesar is a product of a
collapsing republic
Cleopatra:
Pharaoh/Queen of Egypt
Mark Antony:
Loyal sidekick to Caesar
a lot like Ares
Cicero:
Still a very respectable senate leader
Despises Mark Antony
Brutus & Cassius:
Assinaterors of Caesar
Disliked by public
Octavian:
Chosen heir of the popular Caesar/adopted son
Smart, Sharp, Educated at the best schools
Caesar’s 18-year-old nephew
Gains massive wealth
The Second Triumvirate members:
Antony
Octavian
unimportant rich guy
_____ & _______ post 2,000 Proscriptions in the forum against people that stand in their way of domination including Cicero
Octavian & Antony
Proscriptions:
like bounties
land Octavian & Antony split upon the success
Octavian - Rome for political power
Antony - gets the rich east
The ancient world’s power couple
Antony & Cleopatra
Antony writes a will along with
recognizing Caesarion as Rome’s rightful heir
Meanwhile in Rome Octavian (2)
declares political war on Egypt and smears enemy’s publicity
He also illegally steals and reads Antony’s will kept safe in Rome’s vault
“The pen is mightier than the sword” -______
Octavian
With Antony’s will Octavian can
expose Antony and pushes for a fake recapture of Antony’s land in an effort to save him from Cleopatra
Antony’s Fall (3)
-Antony & Cleopatra flee to Alexandria
-Antony takes his own life
-Cleopatra takes her own life with asp poison
Octavian’s nickname Princeps meaning
Rome’s 1st citizen
Unknowingly to Romans Octavian becomes
the first emperor of Rome
The senate names Octavian
Augustus
The general people are _____ with the “republic”
perfectly ok
Cincinatus:
military leader, patrician, farmer, 1st dictator
