The LA, RA, and RV Flashcards
The left atrium is a reservoir for blood draining in from the pulmonary veins during ventricular ____.
Systole
In late diastole, the LA becomes a ____ ____ to complete the LV filling before the MV closes.
Muscular pump
What is the formula for measuring LA volume?
LA volume = (0.85 X A1 X A2) / L
LA contraction is represented by the ___ wave on the EKG.
P wave
When looking at the atrial septum, you must rule out ____, ____, and ____.
PFOs, ASDs, and aneurysms
____ is failure of the primum and secundum septa to fuse.
PFO
An ____ (congenital) occurs when the atrial septum has a defect but it is not from lack of fusion, but rather lack of growth.
ASD
An atrial septal ____ is a redundancy of the mid-portion of the atrial septum that results in excess mobility and billowing of tissue in this region.
Aneurysm
For the septum to be considered aneursymal, the movement has to be at least ____cm from the plane of the septum.
1.0 cm
The RA is a thin-walled ovoid structure that receives inflow from the ____, ____, and the ____.
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
What the two structure that can be found in the RA?
Eustachian valve and the Chiari network
____ ____ is a remnant of the embryologic valve responsible for directing inferior vena cava blood across the atrial septum to the LA.
Eustachian valve
The ____ ____ attaches from one side of the right atrium to the other side of the right atrium – it is mobile.
Chiari network
The most common place to see a ____ in the RA is on an indwelling catheter.
Thrombus
Normally the RV is approximately ____ the size of the LV.
2/3
On echo, the best way to distinguish the RV from the LV is with the ____.
Moderator band
____ overload of the RV results in hypertrophy of the free wall and the IVS.
Pressure
RV overload usually occurs in the presence of ____ or ____.
Pulmonic stenosis or pulmonary HTN
When there is RV pressure overload, the paradoxical septal motion (D shape) is in ____.
Systole and diastole
When there is RV volume overload, the paradoxical septal motion (D shape) is in ____.
Diastole only
When a flattened septum is visualized, assess the ____ flow and ____ flow very thoroughly.
PV; TV
Using PW doppler, the shorter the acceleration time the higher the PA ____.
Pressure
Normal pulmonic PW acceleration time is ____msec.
> 100 msec
If pulmonic PW acceleration time is under 100 msec, you should suspect ____.
PHTN
The best way to determine RV pressure is to use ____.
TR
If TR is present, measure the gradient and use the formula:
RVSP = 4 (TR VELOCITY)^2 + RAP
If the patient doesn’t have TR, then you need to calculate ____.
PAEDP
To measure PAEDP, use PI CW Doppler and measure the PI jet at the ____ of the waveform.
Beginning
What is the normal value for PAEDP?
4-12 mmHg
What is normal mean PA pressure?
10-22 mmHg
What is the normal PHTN value?
18-25 mmHg
What is the mild PHTN value?
30-40 mmHg
What is the moderate PHTN value?
40-70 mmHg
What is the severe PHTN value?
> 70 mmHg
____ ____ ____ ____ is a rare condition where the RV free wall muscle is replaced by adipose or collagen-like tissue.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD)
