Diseases of the Aorta Flashcards

1
Q

The normal aorta consists of what 6 segments?

A

Annulus
Sinus of Valsalva
Sinotubular junction
Ascending aorta
Arch
Descending thoracic aorta

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2
Q

The area from the annulus to the proximal ascending aorta is called the ____.

A

Aortic root

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3
Q

The ascending aorta terminates at the ____ artery and this is where the aortic arch begins.

A

Brachiocephalic

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4
Q

The ____ continues on to include the left common carotid, left subclavian and ligamentum arteriosum.

A

Aortic arch

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5
Q

Primary dilation occurs with:

A

Connective tissue disease
Marfan’s

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6
Q

Secondary dilation occurs with:

A

Volume overload, AI
Pressure overload, HTN
Post stenotic dilation, AS

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7
Q

Surgery is necessary at an aorta size of ____-____.

A

5.0 - 5.5 cm

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8
Q

____ is an inherited connective tissue disease.

A

Marfan syndrome

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9
Q

3 things often associated with Marfan syndrome:

A

Dilated aorta
Aortic dissection (Type A)
MVP

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10
Q

Elongated fingers and arm bones are findings with ____.

A

Marfan syndrome

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11
Q

A ____ aneurysm looks like a “windsock” structure in the right atrium

A

Sinus of valsalva

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12
Q

The aortic wall is made up of three layers of tissue:

A

Intima
Media
Adventitia

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13
Q

An aortic dissection begins with a tear in the ____ layer of the aortic wall

A

Intima/inner

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14
Q

The most commonly reported symptom of acute aortic dissection is ____.

A

Sudden severe, constant chest and/or upper back pain, sometimes described as “ripping” or “tearing” or “stabbing.”

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15
Q

The pain associated with acute aortic dissection may be ____, moving from one place to another, according to the direction and extent of the dissection.

A

Migratory

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16
Q

Severe ____ is a grave prognostic indicator of acute aortic dissection

A

Hypotension

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17
Q

Ai is present in 50-75% of ascending aorta ____.

A

Dissections

18
Q

____ occurs in 1-2% of dissections when the coronary arteries are involved.

A

MI

19
Q

____ is any dissection which involves the aorta proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, regardless of distal extent.

A

Stanford type A

20
Q

____ or ____ involves only the descending aorta.

A

Stanford type B or DeBakey Type III

21
Q

____ can occur throughout the whole aorta.

A

DeBakey Type I or Stanford Type A

22
Q

____ occurs in the ascending aorta only.

A

DeBakey Type II

23
Q

Only 4 - 5 cm of the ____ and ____ can be seen on TTE.

A

Ascending aorta and some of the arch

24
Q

____ is the gold standard for dissection diagnosis and may be used in place of using a TEE.

A

CT

25
Q

If the ascending aorta is involved then you will usually have some aortic ____.

A

Dilation

26
Q

The Aortic Valve is in the ____ lumen.

A

True

27
Q

Which lumen is smaller: the true lumen or the false lumen?

A

True

28
Q

The ____ lumen is usually filled with swirling echoes, representing stasis of blood.

A

False

29
Q

The true lumen will have what when using doppler and be one color?

A

Systole and diastole

30
Q

The ____ lumen will not have systole and diastole and will be a mix of red and blue when using color.

A

False

31
Q

The dissected area needs to be replaced with a ____.

A

Graft

32
Q

Atherosclerosis, aka, ____ of the aorta is frequently encountered during TEE.

A

Plaque

33
Q

Where is plaque most often found?

A

In the descending aorta and the arch

34
Q

Problems occur when there is ____ mm of protrusion into the lumen

A

4 mm

35
Q

What is a aortic pseudoaneurysm?

A

A contained rupture of the aorta

36
Q

The etiology for an aortic pseudoaneurysm is often ____.

A

Infection

37
Q

Aortic trauma is aortic dissection caused by ____.

A

The aorta being torn away from the heart

38
Q

____ is an inflammatory disease of the aorta and its proximal branches.

A

Takayasu Arteritis

39
Q

Takayasu Arteritis is marked irregular ____ thickening and accumulation of inflammatory tissue in the proximal aorta and ostia of major branches including the coronaries.

A

Intimal

40
Q

What population is Takayasu Arteritis typically found in?

A

Children and women under age 30 who are of African or Asian descent