Masses, Tumors & Source of Emboli

Question 1

What are some normal variants mistaken for abnormal pathology?

Answer 1

• Left Ventricle: False chords, LV trabeculations
• Right Ventricle: Moderator Band, Catheters, pacemaker leads
• Left atrium: Calcified mitral annulus, coronary sinus

Question 2

What are the 4 types of masses?

Answer 2

• Vegetations
• Thrombus
• Pericardial cysts
• Tumors-metastatic and benign

Question 3

____ means that something that was stationary is now mobile.

Answer 3

Emboli

Question 4

A right sided emboli goes to the ____.

Answer 4

Lungs

Question 5

A left sided emboli goes to the ____.

Answer 5

Body; often the brain.

Question 6

____ are most common if the structure is located in the RA or on the septum.

Answer 6

Arrhythmias

Question 7

The phonocardiography of intracardiac masses is:

Answer 7

• Tumor plop
• Regurgitation murmur

Question 8

Where does endocarditis grow?

Answer 8

On the “flow side” - on the atrial side of AV valves and on the ventricular side of semilumar valves

Question 9

There are two types of tumors: ____ and ____

Answer 9

• Primary (originate in the heart)
• Nonprimary or secondary (originate outside of heart)

Question 10

____ cardiac tumors are 20 times more common than ____.

Answer 10

Nonprimary; primary

Question 11

____% of primary cardiac tumors are benign.

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

____ has the highest rate of pericardial metastases

Answer 12

Melanoma

Question 13

Malignant tumors most often occur in the ____ and ____.

Answer 13

Pericardium and epicardium

Question 14

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of ____ cancer.

Answer 14

Kidney

Question 15

With renal cell carcinoma, a “____” projection of a tumor may extend up the IVC into the RA.

Answer 15

“fingerlike”

Question 16

A _____ is the most common primary tumor of the heart.

Answer 16

Myxoma

Question 17

Myxomas often have irregular shapes with protruding “____” of tissue or a “grape cluster” appearance.

Answer 17

Fronds

Question 18

A lipoma is an uncommon benign tumors comprised of ____.

Answer 18

Fat

Question 19

Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum has a ____ appearance.

Answer 19

Dumbbell

Question 20

____ accounts for less than 10% of all primary cardiac tumors, but is most common benign tumor of the valves and supporting apparatus.

Answer 20

Papillary fibroelastoma

Question 21

Papillary fibroelastoma mimics a ____.

Answer 21

Vegetation

Question 22

Unlike vegetations, papillary fibroelastomas are found on “____” side of valve.

Answer 22

Downstream

Question 23

____ is the most common primary malignant tumor.

Answer 23

Angiosarcoma

Question 24

Rhabdomyoma is the most common benign tumor of ____.

Answer 24

Children

Question 25

____ is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children-fast growing, highly malignant.

Answer 25

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 26

A ____ is a benign mass of fibrous or connective tissue.

Answer 26

Fibroma

Question 27

Fibrosarcoma differentiated from fibroma in that it invades surrounding tissues, especially the pericardium and it is ____.

Answer 27

Metastatic

Question 28

Hemangioma is a ____ tumors that can be located in any chamber, but are most often found on right side.

Answer 28

Vascular

Question 29

A ____ is most likely of benign tumors to have an associated effusion

Answer 29

Hemangioma

Question 30

A ____ is a tumor containing cells from skeletal, nerve, connective tissues, etc.

Answer 30

Teratoma

Question 31

A-fib is a risk factor for a ____.

Answer 31

Stroke

Question 32

A _____ is when an electrical shock is delivered through the chest wall to the heart through special electrodes, interrupting the abnormal a-fib rhythm .

Answer 32

Cardioversion

Question 33

The most common spot for a thrombus to develop is in the ____.

Answer 33

Left atrial appendage

Question 34

____ is test of choice to assess for clot in LA appendage.

Answer 34

TEE

Question 35

PFO/ASD is present in ____-____% of the population.

Answer 35

25 - 35%

Question 36

____ are within the mediastinum and hiatal hernias.

Answer 36

Pseudotumors

Question 37

____ are simple, thin-walled, fluid-filled benign structures.

Answer 37

Pericardial cysts

Question 38

Pericardial cysts comprise ____% of all mediastinal masses.

Answer 38

7%