The knee joint Flashcards
distal femur
patella
tibia
tibia from top
fibula
essential features of a synovial joint
knee joint classification
- Synovial
- Diarthroidal
- Highly Modified Hinge Jt
(Compound Condylar)
bones involved in knee joint
• Femur
– Medial Condyle – Lateral Condyle – Patellar Surface
• Tibia
– Medial Condyle
– Lateral Condyle
• Patella
fibrous capsule
- Is Attached To Articular Margins
- Surround 3/4 Of Joint - Gap Anteriorly • Enhanced By:
– Expansions From Vs Med & Vs Lat
– Semimembranosus (Oblique Popliteal Ligament)
anterior capsule
posterior view capsule
synovial membrane
Lines The Fibrous Capsule
Attaches To Articular Margins & Edges Of Menisci
Anteriorly It Forms A “Pouch” - The Suprapatella Bursa
(Articularis Genu Muscle)
Posteriorly - Another “Pouch” - The Subpopliteal Bursa
Major synovia of the knee joint
Prepatella Bursa
Superficial Infrapatella
Deep Infrapatella Bursae
sagittal plane section of knee
anterior bursae of the knee
• Anteriorly (4) – Prepatellar
– Suprapatellar (Part Of Synovia)
– Superficial Infrapatellar
– Deep Infrapatellar (Sometimes Part Of Synovia)
posterior bursae of the knee
• Subpopliteal Bursa – Other Bits
medial and lateral bursae of the knee
• Medially (5)
– Gastroc & Capsule
– Superfical To Medial Collateral Ligament
– Anserine Bursa
– Semimembranosus & medial condyle of Tibia – Between Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus
• Laterally (4)
– Gastroc & Capsule
– Lateral Collateral Ligament & biceps Fem.
– Lateral Colalteral Ligament & popliteus
– Popliteus & lateral condyle of femur (subpopliteal)
ligaments of the knee, intracapsular
- Anterior Cruciate
- Posterior Cruciate
- Transverse Ligament
- Med. Coronary Ligament • Lat. Coronary Ligament
tibial plateau
ACL action + attachments
- Attached Anteriorly To The Inter-condylar Area Of Tibia. Passes Backwards, Upwards & Laterally To Insert On Medial Surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle in Intercondylar Fossa
- Action: Limits Extension, Prevents Hyperextension
PCL action + attachments
- Attached To The Posterior Inter-condylar Area of Tibia. Runs Upwards, Forward And Medially To Attach To The Lateral Aspect Of The Medial Femoral Condyle. Note Some Vertical Fibres
- Action: Prevents Excessive Flexion. Also Helps Prevent Hyperextension
transverse ligament
- Joins Anterior Components Of The Two Menisci
- It Is Variable, Sometimes Absent
coronary ligaments
- Are Derived From The Capsule
- Bind Down The Edges Of The Menisci
knee ligaments - extracapsular
• Medial Collateral Lig. • Lateral Collateral Lig. • Oblique Popliteal Lig. • Patellar Ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
- Is Capsular (Thickening Of Capsule)
- Superiorly From Medial Epicondyle
- Inferiorly From Condyle & Upper-medial Surface Of The Tibia
- Is About 8-9cm Long
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
- Is Extra Capsular
- Superiorly From Lateral Epicondyle Of Femur
- Inferiorly From Lateral Side Of Head Of Fibula
- Is About 5cm Long
Patella ligament
- Is A Continuation Of The Patellar Tendon
- Forms The Anterior Component Of The Capsule
- Is Very Thick And Strong
oblique popliteal ligament
- Is An Expansion Of The Tendon Of Semimembranosus Muscle
- Strengthens The Capsule Posteriorly
- From Posterior Surface of Medial Condyle Of Tibia
- To Central Part Of Posterior Capsule
the menisci of the knee
- Are Semi-lunar In Shape
- Are Wedge Shaped In Section
- Are Bound Down By Coronary Ligs
• Function:
– To Increase Congruency Of Articular Surfaces
– To Shock-Absorb
