Leg Flashcards
anterior compartment of the leg
• Muscles – Tibialis anterior – Extensor digitorum longus – Extensor hallucis longus – Fibularis tertius • Nerve supply – Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4-S1) • Bloodsupply – Anterior tibial artery
neurovascular bundle of the anterior compartment of the leg
Retinaculae - Dorsal
tib anterior transverse section
tibialis anterior muscle type, insertion, origin, nerve supply, action
• Muscle type:
– Multipennate (from central tendon)
• Arises from:
– Upper 1/2 of lateral surface of the tibia & interosseous membrane
• Inserts:
– Passes through extensor retinacula to insert into medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
Note:
Has Tendon Sheath Through Retinacula
• Nerve Supply:
– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L4-L5)
• Action
– Dorsiflexes foot at ankle – Inversion
– Supports medial arch
extensor digiorum longus muscle type, attachments, nerve, action
• Muscle Type:
– Unipennate
• Arises From:
– Upper 2/3 Of Anterior Border Of Fibula & Interosseous Membrane
• Insertion:
– Tendon Passes Behind Superior & Through Inferior Retinacula, Splits Into Four & Inserts Into Extensor Apparatus & Distal Phalanx Of Each Lesser Digit
• Nerve Supply:
– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)
• Action:
– Extends digits 2-5 at interphalangeal & metatarsophalangeal joints
– Synergist for dorsiflexion of foot at ankle
Note:
- Tendon Splits Into Four Slips
- Major Component Of The Extensor Apparatus
- Note Relationship With Peroneus Tertius (Later)
extensor hallucis longus
• Muscle Type
– Unipennate
• Arises:
– Middle 1/2 Of Anterior Border Of Fibula & Interosseous Membrane
• Inserts:
– Tendon Passes Deep To Superior & Through Inferior Retinacula To Insert Into Base Of Distal Phalanx of Hallux
• Nerve Supply:
– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)
• Blood Supply:
– Anterior Tibial Artery
• Action:
– Extends hallux at interphalangeal & metatarsophalangeal joints
– Synergist in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle
Notes:
Muscle Is Positioned Laterally Yet Tendon Inserts Medially
peroneus tertius
Often regarded as part portion of EDL
Arises:
– Lower 1/4 of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane
Inserts:
– Follows lateral tendon of EDL & inserts into base of 5th metatarsal
Nerve Supply:
– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)
Action:
– Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle – Eversion of foot
Notes:
Considered To Be A Breakaway Part Of EDL
Sometimes Missing
Inserts Variably
dorsum of the foot
deep peroneal nerve
Arises In body Of Peroneus Longus
Descends Deep To EDL With Anterior Tibial Artery.
Passes Beneath Retinacula To Appear In The Foot
• branches:
– muscular
• anterior compartment of leg • extensor digitorum brevis
• Dorsal interossei 1 & 2
– articular
• ankle joint
– sensory
• 1st cleft
popliteal artery
lateral components of the leg
• Muscles
– Peroneus Longus – Peroneus Brevis
• Nerve Supply
– Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Blood Supply
– Peroneal Artery
Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve
peroneus longus
• Arises From:
– Head & Upper 2/3 Of Lateral Surface Of Fibula & Associated Fascia.
• Inserts:
– Passes Behind Lateral Malleolus (Beneath Peroneal Retinacula)
– Over Lateral Surface Of Calcaneus Below Peroneal Trochlea
– Enters peroneal sulcus on inferior Cuboid
– Crosses sole of Foot to Insert by Two Slips Into Base of 1st Cuneiform & 1st Metatarsal
• Nerve Supply
– Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Action
– Plantarflexes foot at ankle – Everts foot
– Supports arches
Note:
- Common Tendon Sheath With P. Brevis Through Retinacula
- Frequently Has Sesamoid Bone In Peroneal Groove
peroneus brevis
• Arises From:
– Lower 2/3 Of Lateral Fibula
• Insertion:
– Passes Behind Lateral Malleolus (Beneath Peroneal Retinacula)
– Over Lateral Surface Of Calcaneus Below Peroneal Trochlea
– Inserts Into Base Of 5th Metatarsal.
• Nerve Supply:
– Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Action:
– Eversion of foot
– Synergist in plantarflexion of foot at ankle
retinaculae lateral view
posterior compartment of the leg
• Muscles
– Superficial
• Gastrocnemius (Two Heads) • Soleus
• Plantaris
– Deep
• Popliteus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Flexor Digitorum Longus • Tibialis Posterior
• Nerve Supply
– Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
• Blood Supply
– Posterior Tibial Artery
– Also Contains Peroneal Artery
gastrocnemius
• Arises:
– Medial Head Arises From Surface Of Femur Above Medial Condyle
– Lateral Head Arises From Lateral Condyle (medial Head Is Larger)
• Inserts:
– Into Posterior Aspect Of Calcaneus With Soleus - The Tendocalcaneus
• Innervation:
– Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
• Action:
– Plantarflex foot at ankle
– Flex leg at knee
soleus
• Arises:
– From Head & Upper 1/4 Of Fibula
– Soleal Line & Medial Border Of Tibia
– Interosseous Membrane
• Inserts:
– IntoPosteriorAspectOfCalcaneusWith Gastrocnemius
• Innervation:
– Tibialnerve(S1-S2)
• Action:
– Plantarflex foot at ankle
plantaris
• Arises:
– Lateral Supracondylar Line of femur
• Inserts:
– Long Tendon Passes Downwards & Medially Between Soleus & Gastrocnemius, Inserting Into Medial Edge Of Posterior Aspect Of The Calcaneus
• Innervation:
– Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
• Action:
– Plantarflex foot at ankle
– Flex leg at knee
tibialis posterior
Arises From:
– Posterolateral tibia
– Proximal half of fibula & Interosseous Membrane
• Inserts:
– Tendon Passes inferiorly posterior to Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum
– Inserts Into navicular Tuberosity
– + All Other Bones In Tarsus Apart From Talus
• Nerve Supply
– Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)
• Action
– Inversion of foot
– Synergist in plantarflexion of foot at ankle
– Key in stabilising medial arch
flexor hallucis longus
• Arises From:
– Lower 2/3 Of Posterior Fibula & Associated Interosseous membrane
• Inserts:
– Passes Downwards Behind Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum, Through Groove In Talus, Beneath Sustentaculum Tali
– Crosses FDL & runs along sole to distal phalanx of hallux
• Nerve Supply
– Tibial Nerve (S2, S3) • Action
– Flexes hallux (particularly toe-off phase of walking)
– Assists In Ankle Plantar Flexion
Note:
•Lateral Origin, Yet Medial Insertion
flexor digitorum longus
Arises From:
– Posterior Aspect Of Tibia Below Soleal Line
• Inserts:
– Tendon Passes Downwards Behind Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum, Beneath Sustentaculum Tali & Into Foot.
– Crosses FHL, Divides Into Four Slips, One Passing Into Each Lesser Toe To Insert Into Distal Phalanx
Nerve Supply
– Tibial Nerve (S2, S3) • Action
– Flexes Lesser Toes, primarily
Note:
•Medial Origin, Yet Inserts Laterally
popliteus
Arises:
– Lateral femoral condyle
• Inserts:
– Posterior proximal tibia superior to Soleal Line
• Nerve Supply:
– Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)
• Action:
– Laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia. Important In The Knee Joint Unlocking Mechanism
posterior tibial artery
- Terminating Branch Of Popliteal (Is A Continuation Of)
- Arises At Level Of Lower Margin Of Popliteus Muscle
- Passes Downwards And Medially Between Soleus And The Deep Muscles (Deep To The Transverse Crural Intermuscular Septum)
- Passes Behind Medial Malleolus Into The Plantar Surface Of The Foot
peroneal (fibular) artery
Is A Branch Of The Posterior Tibial - Just Below The Popliteus Muscle
Descends Towards The Fibular On Or In Body Of Fhl.
Supplies Muscles In Posterior & Lateral Compartments
Terminates By Piercing Interosseous Membrane Into Dorsum Of Foot (Peroneal Perforating Pulse ~10%)
