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Anatomy > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

anterior compartment of the leg

A

• Muscles – Tibialis anterior – Extensor digitorum longus – Extensor hallucis longus – Fibularis tertius • Nerve supply – Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4-S1) • Bloodsupply – Anterior tibial artery

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2
Q

neurovascular bundle of the anterior compartment of the leg

A
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3
Q

Retinaculae - Dorsal

A
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4
Q

tib anterior transverse section

A
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5
Q

tibialis anterior muscle type, insertion, origin, nerve supply, action

A

• Muscle type:

– Multipennate (from central tendon)

• Arises from:

– Upper 1/2 of lateral surface of the tibia & interosseous membrane

• Inserts:

– Passes through extensor retinacula to insert into medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal

Note:
Has Tendon Sheath Through Retinacula

• Nerve Supply:

– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L4-L5)

• Action

– Dorsiflexes foot at ankle – Inversion
– Supports medial arch

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6
Q

extensor digiorum longus muscle type, attachments, nerve, action

A

• Muscle Type:

– Unipennate

• Arises From:

– Upper 2/3 Of Anterior Border Of Fibula & Interosseous Membrane

• Insertion:

– Tendon Passes Behind Superior & Through Inferior Retinacula, Splits Into Four & Inserts Into Extensor Apparatus & Distal Phalanx Of Each Lesser Digit

• Nerve Supply:

– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)

• Action:

– Extends digits 2-5 at interphalangeal & metatarsophalangeal joints

– Synergist for dorsiflexion of foot at ankle

Note:

  • Tendon Splits Into Four Slips
  • Major Component Of The Extensor Apparatus
  • Note Relationship With Peroneus Tertius (Later)
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7
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

• Muscle Type

– Unipennate

• Arises:

– Middle 1/2 Of Anterior Border Of Fibula & Interosseous Membrane

• Inserts:

– Tendon Passes Deep To Superior & Through Inferior Retinacula To Insert Into Base Of Distal Phalanx of Hallux

• Nerve Supply:

– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)

• Blood Supply:

– Anterior Tibial Artery

• Action:

– Extends hallux at interphalangeal & metatarsophalangeal joints

– Synergist in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle

Notes:

Muscle Is Positioned Laterally Yet Tendon Inserts Medially

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8
Q

peroneus tertius

A

Often regarded as part portion of EDL

Arises:

– Lower 1/4 of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane

Inserts:

– Follows lateral tendon of EDL & inserts into base of 5th metatarsal

Nerve Supply:

– Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5-S1)

Action:

– Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle – Eversion of foot

Notes:

Considered To Be A Breakaway Part Of EDL

Sometimes Missing

Inserts Variably

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9
Q

dorsum of the foot

A
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10
Q

deep peroneal nerve

A

Arises In body Of Peroneus Longus

Descends Deep To EDL With Anterior Tibial Artery.

Passes Beneath Retinacula To Appear In The Foot

• branches:

– muscular
• anterior compartment of leg • extensor digitorum brevis
• Dorsal interossei 1 & 2

– articular
• ankle joint

– sensory
• 1st cleft

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11
Q

popliteal artery

A
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12
Q

lateral components of the leg

A

• Muscles

– Peroneus Longus – Peroneus Brevis

• Nerve Supply

– Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

• Blood Supply

– Peroneal Artery

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13
Q

Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve

A
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14
Q

peroneus longus

A

• Arises From:

– Head & Upper 2/3 Of Lateral Surface Of Fibula & Associated Fascia.

• Inserts:

– Passes Behind Lateral Malleolus (Beneath Peroneal Retinacula)

– Over Lateral Surface Of Calcaneus Below Peroneal Trochlea

– Enters peroneal sulcus on inferior Cuboid

– Crosses sole of Foot to Insert by Two Slips Into Base of 1st Cuneiform & 1st Metatarsal

• Nerve Supply

– Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

• Action

– Plantarflexes foot at ankle – Everts foot
– Supports arches

Note:

  • Common Tendon Sheath With P. Brevis Through Retinacula
  • Frequently Has Sesamoid Bone In Peroneal Groove
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15
Q

peroneus brevis

A

• Arises From:

– Lower 2/3 Of Lateral Fibula

• Insertion:

– Passes Behind Lateral Malleolus (Beneath Peroneal Retinacula)

– Over Lateral Surface Of Calcaneus Below Peroneal Trochlea

– Inserts Into Base Of 5th Metatarsal.

• Nerve Supply:

– Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

• Action:

– Eversion of foot

– Synergist in plantarflexion of foot at ankle

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16
Q

retinaculae lateral view

A
17
Q

posterior compartment of the leg

A

• Muscles

– Superficial
• Gastrocnemius (Two Heads) • Soleus
• Plantaris

– Deep
• Popliteus

  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus • Tibialis Posterior

• Nerve Supply

– Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

• Blood Supply

– Posterior Tibial Artery
– Also Contains Peroneal Artery

18
Q

gastrocnemius

A

• Arises:

– Medial Head Arises From Surface Of Femur Above Medial Condyle

– Lateral Head Arises From Lateral Condyle (medial Head Is Larger)

• Inserts:

– Into Posterior Aspect Of Calcaneus With Soleus - The Tendocalcaneus

• Innervation:

– Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

• Action:

– Plantarflex foot at ankle

– Flex leg at knee

19
Q

soleus

A

• Arises:

– From Head & Upper 1/4 Of Fibula

– Soleal Line & Medial Border Of Tibia

– Interosseous Membrane

• Inserts:

– IntoPosteriorAspectOfCalcaneusWith Gastrocnemius

• Innervation:

– Tibialnerve(S1-S2)

• Action:

– Plantarflex foot at ankle

20
Q

plantaris

A

• Arises:

– Lateral Supracondylar Line of femur

• Inserts:

– Long Tendon Passes Downwards & Medially Between Soleus & Gastrocnemius, Inserting Into Medial Edge Of Posterior Aspect Of The Calcaneus

• Innervation:

– Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

• Action:

– Plantarflex foot at ankle

– Flex leg at knee

21
Q

tibialis posterior

A

Arises From:

– Posterolateral tibia

– Proximal half of fibula & Interosseous Membrane

• Inserts:

– Tendon Passes inferiorly posterior to Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum

– Inserts Into navicular Tuberosity

– + All Other Bones In Tarsus Apart From Talus

• Nerve Supply

– Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)

• Action

– Inversion of foot

– Synergist in plantarflexion of foot at ankle

– Key in stabilising medial arch

22
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

• Arises From:

– Lower 2/3 Of Posterior Fibula & Associated Interosseous membrane

• Inserts:

– Passes Downwards Behind Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum, Through Groove In Talus, Beneath Sustentaculum Tali

– Crosses FDL & runs along sole to distal phalanx of hallux

• Nerve Supply

– Tibial Nerve (S2, S3) • Action

– Flexes hallux (particularly toe-off phase of walking)

– Assists In Ankle Plantar Flexion

Note:
•Lateral Origin, Yet Medial Insertion

23
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

Arises From:

– Posterior Aspect Of Tibia Below Soleal Line

• Inserts:

– Tendon Passes Downwards Behind Medial Malleolus Deep To Flexor Retinaculum, Beneath Sustentaculum Tali & Into Foot.

– Crosses FHL, Divides Into Four Slips, One Passing Into Each Lesser Toe To Insert Into Distal Phalanx

Nerve Supply

– Tibial Nerve (S2, S3) • Action

– Flexes Lesser Toes, primarily

Note:
•Medial Origin, Yet Inserts Laterally

24
Q

popliteus

A

Arises:

– Lateral femoral condyle

• Inserts:

– Posterior proximal tibia superior to Soleal Line

• Nerve Supply:

– Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)

• Action:

– Laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia. Important In The Knee Joint Unlocking Mechanism

25
Q

posterior tibial artery

A
  • Terminating Branch Of Popliteal (Is A Continuation Of)
  • Arises At Level Of Lower Margin Of Popliteus Muscle
  • Passes Downwards And Medially Between Soleus And The Deep Muscles (Deep To The Transverse Crural Intermuscular Septum)
  • Passes Behind Medial Malleolus Into The Plantar Surface Of The Foot
26
Q

peroneal (fibular) artery

A

Is A Branch Of The Posterior Tibial - Just Below The Popliteus Muscle

Descends Towards The Fibular On Or In Body Of Fhl.

Supplies Muscles In Posterior & Lateral Compartments

Terminates By Piercing Interosseous Membrane Into Dorsum Of Foot (Peroneal Perforating Pulse ~10%)

Anatomy (17 decks)

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