Gluteal Region

Question 1

Gluteal Region Muscles

Answer 1

• GluteusMaximus
• GluteusMedius
• GluteusMinimus
• “The External Rotators”

Question 2

Blood Supply to the Gluteal Region

Answer 2

• Derived From The Internal Iliac Artery – Superior And Inferior Gluteal Arteries
• Emerge Through Greater Sciatic Notch Above And Below Piriformis Muscle

Question 3

Gluteus Maximus A, O, I, Inn

Answer 3

• Origin - Area Posterior To Posterior Gluteal Line
• Insertion - 3/4 Into I/T Tract. 1/4 (Deep Fibres) Into Gluteal Tuberosity
• Nerve Supply - Inf. Gluteal Nerve
• Blood Supply - Inf. Gluteal Vessels
• Action - Extension Of Hip***
• Little Used During Normal Walking
– Used When Force Is Required
• Extension Of Hip Joint
– Posterior Movement Of Limb On Stationary Trunk (“Normal Origin”)
– Extension Of Trunk On Stationary Limb (“Reversed Origin”)
• Synergist In Lateral Rotation
• Maintains Extension Of The Knee Via Iliotibial Tract

Question 4

Gluteus Medius A,O,I,Inn

Answer 4

• Origin - Between Anterior (Superior) & Posterior Gluteal Lines
• Insertion - Greater Trochanter
• Nerve Supply - Sup. Gluteal Nerve
• Blood Supply - Sup. Gluteal Vessels
• Action - Abduction Of Hip

Question 5

Gluteus Minimus A,O,I,Inn

Answer 5

• Origin - Between Anterior (Superior) & Inferior Gluteal Lines
• Insertion - Greater Trochanter
• Nerve Supply - Sup. Gluteal Nerve
• Blood Supply - Sup. Gluteal Vessels
• Action - Abduction Of Hip

Question 6

list the external rotators

Answer 6

• Piriformis
• GemellusSuperior
• Obturator Internus
• GemellusInferior
• QuadratusFemoris
• Obturator Externus*

Question 7

Piriformis O,I, Inn

Answer 7

• ORIGIN:
– PELVIC SURFACE OF 2-4 SACRAL SEGMENTS
– UPPER MARGIN OF GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH* – PARTS OF SACRO-TUBEROUS LIGAMENT*
• INSERTION:
– GREATER TROCHANTER
• NERVESUPPLY:
– TWIGS FROM S1 & S2, POSTERIOR DIVISION

Question 8

Obturator Internus

Answer 8

• Arises:
– Margins Of The Obturator Foramen & Obturator Membrane
• Insertion:
– Fibres Converge, Passing Posteriorly To Form Tendon. This Passes Out Through Lesser Sciatic Notch & Right Angle Bend To Insert Into Greater Trochanter
• Nerve Suply: Has Own Nerve From L5-s2 (Ant Division)

Question 9

Gemellus Superior

Answer 9

• Arises:
– From Ischial Spine. Blends With Upper Border Of Tendon Of Obturator Internus
• Insertion:
– Shares Insertion Into Greater Trochanter
• Nerve Supply
– As For Obturator Internus

Question 10

Gemellus Inferior

Answer 10

• Arises:
– From Upper Part Of Ischial Tuberosity. Blends With Lower Border Of Tendon Of Obturator Internus
• Insertion:
– Shares Insertion Into Greater Trochanter
• Nerve Supply
– As For Quadratus Femoris

Question 11

Quadratus femoris

Answer 11

• Arises:
– Upper Part Of External Border Of Ischial Tuberosity
• Inserts:
– Quadrate Tubercle Of Intertrochanteric Crest
• Nerve Supply
– Nerve From L4-5, S1 (Ant)

Question 12

Obturator Externus

Answer 12

• A Flat, Triangular Muscle
• Arises:
– External Margins Of Obturator Foramen & Obturator Membrane
– Fibres Converge & Pass Backwards, Laterally & Upwards To Become Tendinous Running Across Back Of Femoral Neck & Hip Joint
• Insertion:TrochantericFossa
• Nerve Supply: Posterior Branch Of The Obturator Nerve

Question 13

External Rotators function

Answer 13

• Collective Functions – Externaly Rotate Hip
– Are “Postural Muscles”
– Limit Internal Rotation Of Hip During Flexion
– Provide “Guarding Function” When Unexpected Strain Threatens Joint Capsule. This Obviates The Need For Bulky Ligaments Which Would Restrict Movement.