The Knee, Ankle and Foot Flashcards
The knee is what type of joint?
uniaxial - hinge joint
What is the angle that is formed by a line drawn from the ASIS to the central patella and a second line drawn from the central patella to a tibial tubercle?
Q-Angle
The Q-angle is increased by…..
- genu algum
- increased femoral ante version
- external tibial torsion
- laterally positioned tibial tuberosity
- tight lateral retinaculum
What nerve helps in extension?
Femoral Nerve
What nerve helps in flexion?
Sciatic Nerve
What provides sagittal plane stability?
cruciate ligament
What ligament keeps the femur from being displaced posteriorly on the tibia, and prevents the tibia from being anteriorly displaced relative to the femur?
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
What ligament runs from the posterior tibia to the anterior femur and keeps the femur from being displaced anteriorly on the tibia? (is less likely to be injured)
PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
What are the 2 types of collaterals?
MCL & LCL
What provides stability from a blow to the lateral knee?
MCL
What provides stability from a blow to the medial knee?
LCL
What is designed to absorb shock?
meniscus
What is the area behind the knee that contains blood vessels and nerves?
popliteal space
PATHOLOGY : knock knees, knees touch with ankles apart
Genu Valgum
PATHOLOGY : bow legs, knees apart but ankles touch
Genu Varum
PATHOLOGY : knee positioned in hyperextension during stance
Genu Recurvatum
PATHOLOGY : softening and degeneration of the cartilage on posterior aspect of the patella causing anterior knee pain
Chondromalacia Patella
PATHOLOGY : occurs with constant pressure between the skin and the patella
Prepatellar Bursitis
PATHOLOGY : causes diffuse anterior knee pain
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
PATHOLOGY : tenderness at patellar tendon from overstress
Jumper’s Knee
PATHOLOGY : knee injury to ACL, MCL and medial meniscus
Unholy Triad
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
1) calcaneus
2) talus
3) cuboid
4) navicular
5) 1st cuneiform
6) 2nd cuneiform
7) 3rd cuneiform
What are the motions of the ankle?
1) plantarflexion - foot moves downward
2) dorsiflexion - foot moves upward toward dorsal surface
3) inversion - bottom of foot turns inward
4) eversion - bottom of foot turns outward
