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OTA 130 : Kinesiology > Joints and Levers > Flashcards

Joints and Levers Flashcards

1
Q

Most joints sacrifice ________

A

stability for mobility

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of joint classifications?

A

1) fibrous (synarthrotic)
2) cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic)
3) synovial (diarthrotic)

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3
Q

What type of joints are immobile joints that offer maximum protection?

A

fibrous (synarthrotic) joints

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

1) suture (skull)
2) gomphosis (teeth)
3) syndesmosis (support non-moveable joints)

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5
Q

What is an example of a suture (fibrous) joint?

A

the skull

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6
Q

What is an example of a gomphosis (fibrous) joints?

A

the teeth - the only one that doesn’t connect bone to bone

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7
Q

Cartilaginous joints lack a _______

A

specific joint cavity

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

1) synchondrosis

2) symphysis

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9
Q

What kind of cartilaginous joint occurs where compression forces of gravity are increased and limited motion occurs?

A

Synchondrosis joint (ex: ribs, sternum)

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10
Q

What kind of cartilaginous joint is very stable and found in the spine and pelvis?

A

symphysis joint

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11
Q

What kind of joint contains a synovial capsule and is the most important joint to human movement?

A

synovial joint

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12
Q

The purpose of this joint is to absorb the stress and forces that occur between the bones and acts as cushion.

A

synovial joint

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13
Q

The articular capsule of the synovial joint helps with what?

A

helps to enhance strength of the joint capsule

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial fluid?

A

to decrease friction applied to the joint during movement

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15
Q

Synovial fluid is released with ______, and resorbed by the hyaline cartilage when compression ceases.

A

compression

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16
Q

What are the 7 types of synovial joints?

A

1) gliding
2) hinge
3) pivot
4) condyloid
5) saddle
6) ball and socket
7) compound

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17
Q

What type of joint allow sliding or gliding movements and what is an example?

A

gliding joint - carpals of the wrist

18
Q

What type of joint acts as a door hinge, allowing flexion and extension in one plane and what is an example?

A

hinge joint - elbow

19
Q

What type of joint is when one bone rotates about another?

A

pivot joint - distal radioulnar joint

20
Q

What type of joint is where two bones fit together with an odd shape (one is concave, one is convex)?

A

condyloid joint

21
Q

What type of joint resembles a saddle and what is an example?

A

saddle joint - the thumb

22
Q

What type of joint is the “universal joint” and allows for ALL movements EXCEPT gliding?

A

ball and socket

23
Q

What type of joint involves more than 2 bones?

A

compound joint

24
Q

What movement is when there is movement in ONE plane and ONE axis (ONE degree of freedom)?

A

uniaxial

25
Q

What is an example of a uniaxial joint?

A

elbow, knee

26
Q

What movement is when there is movement in TWO planes around TWO different axes?

A

biaxial

27
Q

What are the 2 types of biaxial joints?

A

1) condyloidal

2) saddle joint

28
Q

What movement is where there is movement in THREE planes around THREE axes?

A

triaxial

29
Q

what type of joint has most mobility but least stability?

A

triaxial joints

30
Q

What position is when the joint surfaces don’t meet perfectly and the ligaments and capsules are loose?

A

OPEN packed

31
Q

Joints are more vulnerable to injury in what position?

A

OPEN packed

32
Q

What position is when the articulating surfaces have maximum contact?

A

CLOSED packed

33
Q

What are some examples of joint disease?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

34
Q

What are the 3 types of levers?

A

1) first class
2) second class
3) third class

35
Q

In this type of lever, the effort is applied on one side of the fulcrum and the resistance on the other side…..

A

First class lever

36
Q

In the type of lever, the effort is applied on one side of the resistance and the fulcrum is located on the other side…..

A

Second class lever

37
Q

In this type of lever, the resistance is on one side of the effort and the fulcrum is located on the other side….

A

Third class lever

38
Q

What are the functions of levers?

A

1) to increase resistance

2) to increase velocity

39
Q

What are the 2 types of kinematic chains?

A

1) open

2) closed

40
Q

In this type of kinematic chin, the distal segment is freely moving and therefore one joint can move without affecting the other joints……

A

open kinematic chain

41
Q

In this type of kinematic chin, the distal segment is fixed or stabilized so movement in one joint will automatically necessitate movement at connecting joints…..

A

closed kinematic chain

OTA 130 : Kinesiology (15 decks)

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