Joints and Levers Flashcards
Most joints sacrifice ________
stability for mobility
What are the 3 types of joint classifications?
1) fibrous (synarthrotic)
2) cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic)
3) synovial (diarthrotic)
What type of joints are immobile joints that offer maximum protection?
fibrous (synarthrotic) joints
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
1) suture (skull)
2) gomphosis (teeth)
3) syndesmosis (support non-moveable joints)
What is an example of a suture (fibrous) joint?
the skull
What is an example of a gomphosis (fibrous) joints?
the teeth - the only one that doesn’t connect bone to bone
Cartilaginous joints lack a _______
specific joint cavity
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
1) synchondrosis
2) symphysis
What kind of cartilaginous joint occurs where compression forces of gravity are increased and limited motion occurs?
Synchondrosis joint (ex: ribs, sternum)
What kind of cartilaginous joint is very stable and found in the spine and pelvis?
symphysis joint
What kind of joint contains a synovial capsule and is the most important joint to human movement?
synovial joint
The purpose of this joint is to absorb the stress and forces that occur between the bones and acts as cushion.
synovial joint
The articular capsule of the synovial joint helps with what?
helps to enhance strength of the joint capsule
What is the purpose of the synovial fluid?
to decrease friction applied to the joint during movement
Synovial fluid is released with ______, and resorbed by the hyaline cartilage when compression ceases.
compression
What are the 7 types of synovial joints?
1) gliding
2) hinge
3) pivot
4) condyloid
5) saddle
6) ball and socket
7) compound
What type of joint allow sliding or gliding movements and what is an example?
gliding joint - carpals of the wrist
What type of joint acts as a door hinge, allowing flexion and extension in one plane and what is an example?
hinge joint - elbow
What type of joint is when one bone rotates about another?
pivot joint - distal radioulnar joint
What type of joint is where two bones fit together with an odd shape (one is concave, one is convex)?
condyloid joint
What type of joint resembles a saddle and what is an example?
saddle joint - the thumb
What type of joint is the “universal joint” and allows for ALL movements EXCEPT gliding?
ball and socket
What type of joint involves more than 2 bones?
compound joint
What movement is when there is movement in ONE plane and ONE axis (ONE degree of freedom)?
uniaxial
What is an example of a uniaxial joint?
elbow, knee
What movement is when there is movement in TWO planes around TWO different axes?
biaxial
What are the 2 types of biaxial joints?
1) condyloidal
2) saddle joint
What movement is where there is movement in THREE planes around THREE axes?
triaxial
what type of joint has most mobility but least stability?
triaxial joints
What position is when the joint surfaces don’t meet perfectly and the ligaments and capsules are loose?
OPEN packed
Joints are more vulnerable to injury in what position?
OPEN packed
What position is when the articulating surfaces have maximum contact?
CLOSED packed
What are some examples of joint disease?
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
What are the 3 types of levers?
1) first class
2) second class
3) third class
In this type of lever, the effort is applied on one side of the fulcrum and the resistance on the other side…..
First class lever
In the type of lever, the effort is applied on one side of the resistance and the fulcrum is located on the other side…..
Second class lever
In this type of lever, the resistance is on one side of the effort and the fulcrum is located on the other side….
Third class lever
What are the functions of levers?
1) to increase resistance
2) to increase velocity
What are the 2 types of kinematic chains?
1) open
2) closed
In this type of kinematic chin, the distal segment is freely moving and therefore one joint can move without affecting the other joints……
open kinematic chain
In this type of kinematic chin, the distal segment is fixed or stabilized so movement in one joint will automatically necessitate movement at connecting joints…..
closed kinematic chain
