Movements and Muscles Flashcards
What acts as a shock absorber and allows movement?
muscle
What assists with maintaining body temp?
muscle
What type of muscle is under involuntary control and is found in the digestive tract?
smooth muscle
What type of muscle is found in the heart?
cardiac muscle
What type of muscle is under voluntary control?
skeletal muscle
Human movement is directly related to the structure and function of……
skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle has two ______ attached to a _____
tendons ; bone
The stable tendon is know as the…..
origin
The more mobile tendon is know as the…..
insertion
What is the basic contractile unit of muscle?
sarcomeres
What do sarcomeres consist of?
actin and myosin
What type of muscle contraction is when muscle length stays the SAME?
isometric
What type of muscle contraction is when muscle length SHORTENS?
concentric
What type of muscle contraction is when muscle LENGTHENS?
eccentric
What type of contraction produces tension within the muscle without a change in length of the muscle fiber?
(ex: carrying a grocery bag in your arm in one position)
isometric
What type of muscle contraction is when the actin & myosin are sliding towards one another and is when the internal forces are greater than the external forces?
(ex: raising grocery bag up off the table)
concentric
What type of muscle contraction is when gravity is being resisted and the movement of a muscle around a joint is slowed and controlled?
(ex: lowering grocery bag onto the table)
eccentric
What are the 3 directions of muscle fibers?
1) rectus
2) transverse
3) oblique
What type of muscle fibers are when the muscle fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the body or limb?
rectus
What type of muscle fibers are when the muscle fascicles are perpendicular to the long axis of the body or limb?
transverse
What type of muscle fibers are when the muscle fascicles are aligned at an angle to the long axis of the body or limb?
oblique
the prime mover or main mover muscle causing motion
ex: the quads are the prime mover for knee extension
agonist
muscles assist the agonist in providing a desired muscle action - works concurrently with the muscle
(ex: brachioradialis muscle groups acts as a synergist in elbow flexion)
synergist
opposite of the agonist. Located on the opposite side of the joint of agonist. Contracts eccentrically while the agonist contracts concentrically - stabilizes/protects the joint
antagonist
muscles assist the agonist by steadily contracting to balance the body against the force of gravity - help agonist to act more effectively
stabilizer
allows for muscle to perform more than one action
neutralizer
the one that is doing the work (aka prime mover)
agonist
the one who is opposing the prime mover
antagonist
the one who is helping out (aka co-contraction)
synergist
means the muscle crosses two joints
bi-articular
muscle length stays the same
isometric
muscle length shortens
concentric
muscle lengthens
eccentric
