The Kidney

Question 1

what are the roles of the kidney

Answer 1

adjustment of water content
adjustment of iron content
removal of urea

Question 2

what are nephrons

Answer 2

filtration units within the kidney

Question 3

describe the process of ultrafiltration

Answer 3

blood from the renal artery flows through the glomerulus
high blood pressure builds up which squeezes water, urea and ions and glucose out of the blood and into the Bowmans capsule
the membranes act as a filter so large proteins and red blood cells are not squeezed out
the filtered liquid in the Bowmans capsule is known as the glomerular filtrate

Question 4

describe the process of reabsorbing

Answer 4

glucose reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tube to be used for respiration
involving active transport
sufficient ions are reabsorbed
sufficient water is absorbed from the collecting duct into the blood stream by osmosis

Question 5

describe the release of wastes

Answer 5

remaining substances form urea, this exits the nephron through the ureter stored in the bladder before leaving the body through the urethra

Question 6

what is osmoregulation

Answer 6

the body’s ability to maintain constant balance between water coming in to the body and water leaving the body

Question 7

what is urine like when the kidneys absorb more water

Answer 7

smaller volume yet more concentrated

Question 8

How does ADH control water content

Answer 8

makes the collecting duct more permeable so more water is reabsorbed

Question 9

state negative feedback

Answer 9

process that if water content gets too high or too low, a mechanism will be triggered that returns it back to normal