Repiration And Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is respiration
Process of transferring energy from glucose, this occurs in every living cell
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water (+Energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose = Lactic Acid (+Energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose = Lactic Acid (+Energy)
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
Glucose = Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+Energy)
Describe how indicators can be used to detect CO2 production
Soak some dried beans in water for a day or two, they will start to germinate.
Boil a similar sized bunch of beans, this kills them, meaning they can’t respire, the dead beans act as your control.
Put the same amount of hydrogen carbonate into two test tubes.
Next place some gauze to act as a platform. And seal test tubes with a rubber bung.
Leave apparatus for set period of time, CO2 produced by the germinating beans should’ve turned the Hydrogen carbonate yellow
Describe an investigation to measure temperature change produced by respiration
Prepare 2 sets of beans, one living, one dead.
Place them in a vacuum flask leaving some air left for respiration.
Place a thermometer in the flask and seal the top with some cotton wool.
Record the temperature of each flask daily for a week.
The bean that is respiring should record higher temperatures
Describe an investigation to measure temperature change produced by respiration
Prepare 2 sets of beans, one living, one dead.
Place them in a vacuum flask leaving some air left for respiration.
Place a thermometer in the flask and seal the top with some cotton wool.
Record the temperature of each flask daily for a week.
The bean that is respiring should record higher temperatures
How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange
Broad leaves for large surface area for diffusion
Thin cell walls for decreased diffusion distance
Air spaces for easy gas movement and increased surface area
Stomata allow gas movement and transpiration to occur
Stomata close when dark, water can’t escape so the plant does not dry out
How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange
Broad leaves for large surface area for diffusion
Thin cell walls for decreased diffusion distance
Air spaces for easy gas movement and increased surface area
Stomata allow gas movement and transpiration to occur
Stomata close when dark, water can’t escape so the plant does not dry out
How do guard cells cause the opening of stomata
Change their shape and volume, they increase their volume to open stomata and decrease their volume to close stomata
What will happen to a test tube containing a leaf and hydrogen carbonate wrapped in foil after 24 hours
Hydrogen carbonate will turn yellow as more carbon dioxide produced due to the plant respiring as unable to photosynthesise so CO2 not used as reactant
What will happen to a test tube containing a leaf and hydrogen carbonate wrapped in foil after 24 hours
Hydrogen carbonate will turn yellow as more carbon dioxide produced due to the plant respiring as unable to photosynthesise so CO2 not used as reactant
What happens to the thorax during inhalation
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
Thorax volume increases
This decreases pressure drawn in
Ribs move up and out
What happens to the thorax during exhalation
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
The volume of thorax decreases
Air is forced out
Ribs move down and in
What happens to limewater when CO2 produced
It goes cloudy
How are alveoli specialised for gas exchange
Provide an enormous surface area
Moist lining for gases to dissolve in
Thin walls for short diffusion distance
Great blood supply to maintain high concentration gradient
Permeable walls for easy diffusion
Why is smoking tobacco bad for you
Damages the walls inside alveoli, decreasing surface area
The tar damages cilia, increasing risk of chest infections
Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen blood can carry, this causes increased heart rate, increasing blood pressure, damaging artery walls and increasing clots, this increases risk of CHD
nicotine increases hr while also being addictive
What is cilia
Little hairs in your lungs and trachea that along with mucus catch a load of dust and bacteria before they reach the lungs, they also help waft the mucus back towards the mouth to clear the trachea
