Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2 > The kidney > Flashcards

The kidney Flashcards

1
Q

How is urine produced?

A

Filtration of plasma which is then reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are nephrons?

A

Basic functional unit of a kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do nephrons include?

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are afferent arterioles made from?

A

Small vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of afferent arterioles?

A

One supplies each nephron to deliver blood to glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are efferent arterioles made from?

A

Glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of efferent arterioles?

A

Carry unfiltered blood to tubules and supply renal tissue with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are tubular components?

A

Hollow tubes formed by epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Bowman’s capsule, loop of Henle and distal and proximal tubules?

A

Tubular components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of Bowman’s capsule

A

Collects fluid around glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of proximal tubule

A

Reabsorbs sugar, amino acids, water, urea and chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of loop of Henle

A

Establishes osmotic gradient for urine and reabsorbs chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of distal tubule

A

Empties into collecting duct under hormonal control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?

A

Renal processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A

Removal of 15-25% of water and solutes from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does glomerular filtration rate depend on?

A

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure of blood plasma and permeability of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the glomerular membrane?

A

Retains blood cells and plasma proteins but permits water and small molecules

18
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

Various substances are removed from plasma and excreted in urine

19
Q

If plasma clearance < glomerular filtration rate what has occurred?

A

Substance has been reabsorbed

20
Q

What is the clearance rate of glucose and urea?

A

0ml and 62.5ml

21
Q

If plasma clearance = glomerular filtration rate…

A

Substance is not reabsorbed

22
Q

What is the clearance rate of inulin?

A

125ml/min

23
Q

If a substance is secreted and not reabsorbed then…

A

Clearance rate > glomerular filtration rate

24
Q

How do you measure renal plasma flow?

A

PAH (acid)

25
Q

What is glomerular filtration rate driven by?

A

Arterial blood pressure

26
Q

What mechanisms cause auto regulation?

A

Myogenic, tubuloglomercular feedback and neural mechanisms

27
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

Recovery of useful products filtered out during glomerular filtration

28
Q

What must occur to a substance before epithelial transport?

A

Cross the luminal membrane of tubule cell
Pass through cytosol and cross basolateral membrane to interstitial fluid
Diffuse through interstitial fluid and penetrate capillary wall to blood plasma

29
Q

What is the only tubular component not involved in sodium reabsorption?

A

Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

When is glucose reabsorbed?

A

When it has been filtered by the glomerulus

31
Q

Do the kidneys regulate blood plasma?

A

No, unless diabetic

32
Q

Where does phosphate reabsorption occur?

A

Tubules

33
Q

Where is excess phosphate excreted?

A

Urine

34
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule remove?

A

75% sodium and water to the loop of Henle

35
Q

What is the loop of Henle made up of?

A

Descending, thin ascending and thick ascending limb

36
Q

What is the descending limb’s permeability?

A

Highly permeable to water but impermeable to salts

37
Q

What is the permeability of the thin ascending limb?

A

Permeable to sodium and chlorine ions but low permeability to water

38
Q

What is the permeability of the thick ascending limb?

A

Low permeability of water but active transport of sodium and chlorine

39
Q

What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Transport of potassium, hydrogen and NH3 into lumen but sodium chlorine and HCO3 out of lumen

40
Q

What is the role of the collecting duct?

A

Reabsorbs NaCl by active transport

41
Q

What is the permeability of the collecting duct?

A

Permeable to water and urea

42
Q

How does urea contribute to urine?

A

Urea is impermeable in early collecting tubule but becomes more concentrated as it passes to medulla

Physiology 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions