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Physiology 2 > Cellular responses > Flashcards

Cellular responses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 actin filaments?

A

Stress fibre, cell cortex and filopodium

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2
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Movement of a cell towards or away from a diffusible chemical

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3
Q

What does the olfactory system consist of?

A

Main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO)

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4
Q

What is the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels?

A

Environmental sensors through calcium ion signalling

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5
Q

What can TRP channels detect in sensory nerves?

A

Temperature

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6
Q

Definition of stress response

A

Response to any factor that overwhelms the body’s abilities to maintain homeostasis

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7
Q

What is the stressor?

A

Factor that induces stress

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8
Q

What are glucocorticoids?

A

Hormones that prepare the body for physical activity in face of an emergency

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9
Q

When will glucocorticoid levels be higher?

A

In socially stressed animals

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10
Q

What occurs in blood vessels with a change in temperature?

A

Heat causes widening, prompting blood flow
Cold causes narrowing, reducing blood flow

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11
Q

What are heat shock proteins?

A

Large family of conserved molecular chaperone proteins

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12
Q

Role of heat shock proteins

A

Facilitate correct protein folding

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13
Q

What is intracellular protein degradation?

A

Mechanism used in eukaryotic cells when starved of nutrients to digest proteins

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14
Q

Where are glucocorticoid receptors (GR) found?

A

Hippocampus

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15
Q

What occurs if a GR promoter is highly methylated (insulated)?

A

Transcription factor can’t bind and it has low mRNA levels

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16
Q

What occurs if a GR promoter is less methylated (insulated)?

A

Transcription factor can bind causing high mRNA levels

17
Q

Where does methylation occur?

A

Cytosines of newly synthesised DNA

18
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

Changes to DNA function without altering primary sequence

19
Q

What is autography?

A

Break down of cytoplasmic components to supply materials for synthesis of molecules under nutrient-limiting conditions

20
Q

Where does autography take place?

A

Autophagosomes

21
Q

What do autophagosomes fuse with to complete autophagy?

A

Lysosome

22
Q

What is the role of autophagosomes?

A

Removing misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and bacteria

Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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