Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Audiology > The inner ear chapter 11 > Flashcards

The inner ear chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the inner ear is to ________ the mechanical energy delivered from the middle ear to electrochemical (hydrodynamic) energy.

A

transduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In addition to information about hearing, the inner ear also reports information regarding the body’s position and movement in a _________.

A

bioelectrical code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Labyrinth

A

inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are through which access may be gained to various chambers of the inner ear

A

vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The vestibule is filled with a fluid called ________

A

perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is within the vestibular portion of the inner ear that the organs of _______ are housed.

A

equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The vestibular system relies on the forces of ______ and _______

A

gravity

inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two fluids found within the inner ear are ________ and ________

A

perilymph

endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Within the vestibule are membranous sacs called _________ and __________

A

utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Utricle and the saccule are surrounded by ________ and contain another liquid called ________

A

perylimph

endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The end organ for balance within the utricle is ________

A

macula acoustica utriculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Arising from the utricle are the superior, lateral, and posterior __________ which are also membranous containing __________ and surrounded om a ;large;y bony cavern by _________.

A

semicircular canals
endolymph
perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Each _______ contains an end organ _______ that provides a sense of equilibrium.

A

ampulla

crista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disturbance of the vestibular mechanist often results in the sensation of true turning called _______. It is associated with rapid eye movements called __________

A

vertigo

nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cyr and Moller recommend that children be tested for vestibular dysfunction if:

A

1) they show delayed or abonormal motor function
2) they take ototoxic medications
3) they have spontaneous nystagmus
4) there is suspected neurological disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It would probably be advisable to carry out vestibular testing on children with ______________ hearing loss whenever possible because many of them apparently suffer from significant vestibular abnormalities.

A

Sensory/neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The portion of the inner ear is responsible for equilibrium is called the ________ and the portion responsible for hearing is called the ________

A

vestibule

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The three fluid-containing channels of the inner ear are the ____________, ____________, and ___________

A

scala tympani
scala vestibuli
scala media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The end organ of hearing found within the scala media of the cochlea. Everything takes place picksup the sound before it goes to the auditory nerve.

A

organ of corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Produces the endolymph and supplies oxygen and other nutrients to the cochlea

A

stria vascularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The basilar membrane supports the _______, while Reisssner’s membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the _______

A

organ of corti

scala media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tones of lower frequency with longer wavelength show ________ displacement near the apical end

A

maximum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tones of high frequency with shorter frequency with shorter wavelengths show ________ displacement near the basal end

A

maximum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

neuron

A

specialized cell designed as a conductor of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

synapses

A

connections between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

once a neuron’s threshold has been reached, it fires with its maximum charge, a phenomenon known as the __________

A

all-or-none principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the act of conveying information between neurons is called ________

A

neurotransmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

chemical substances that cause activation or inhibition or adjacent neurons are released at end of nerve cell junctions

A

neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The _______ is the transducer that converts sound waves into an energy from useful to the auditory nerve.

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The measurable electrical response of the hair cells of the cochlea

A

cochlear microphonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

afferent neurons transmit impulses _______ the cochlea, while efferent neurons transmit impulses _______ the cochlea.

A

from

toward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the structures within the cochlea consists of many tiny resonators, each tuned to a specific frequency

A

resonance theory of hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are generated in the _______

A

outer hair cells of the cochlea

34
Q

Differentiation of the inner ear begins during the _____ week of gestation, and it reached adult size and configuration by the ______ month

A

3rd

6th

35
Q

cochlear hearing loss most frequently results from pathology involving the _________

A

hair cells

36
Q

__________ hearing loss is the expected result of abnormality of the cochlea

A

sensory/neural

37
Q

dysacusis

A

distortion of an auditory signal that is associated with loss of auditory sensitivity. Evidence by poor word recognition.

38
Q

hypacusis

A

loss of hearing sensitivity

39
Q

Patients with greater cochlear hearing losses have more _______

A

dysacusis

40
Q

________ may affect both the auditory and vestibular mechanisms, producing symptoms of hearing loss and vertigo.

A

labyrinthitis

41
Q

Drugs taken by the patient that produce hearing loss are called _________ and typically affect _____ frequency hearing.

A

ototoxic

high

42
Q

who appears to have a higher incidence of hearing loss from noise, men or women?

A

men

43
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss is generally caused by damage to the ______ and frequently results in a notch in the _____ Hz range on the audigoram.

A

cochlea

4000

44
Q

The maximum exposrue level before hearing conservation measure must be implemented is _____ dB for an eight hour work shift.

A

85

45
Q

________ refers to a hearing loss, usually unilateral, that may develop over the course of a few days or occur seemingly instantaneously, with many patients claiming that they awoke from sleep in the morning to find that their hearing had changes.

A

sudden idiopathic sensory/neural hearing loss

46
Q

hearing loss caused by the aging process is called

A

presbycusis

47
Q

strial degeneration may be the primary contributor to _______

A

presbycusis

48
Q

________ is a cavity in the inner ear resembling a snails hell and responsible for converting sound waves into and electrochemical signal that can be sent to the brain for interpretation.

A

Cochlea

49
Q

three loops in the vestibular portion of the inner ear responsible for the sensation of turning.

A

semicircular canals

50
Q

a protrusion into the middle ear, at its labyrinthine wall produced by the basal turn off the cochlea.

A

Premontory

51
Q

high frequency sounds are

A

basal

52
Q

lower frequency sounds are

A

apical end

53
Q

the fluid contained in both the auditory and vestibular portions of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

Perilymph

54
Q

the fluid contained within the membranous labyrith of the inner ear in both the auditory canal and vestibular portions

A

endolymph

55
Q

the thickened outer portion of the periosteum of the cochlear duct which forms a spiral band and attaches to the basillar membrane

A

spiral ligament

56
Q

Eighth cranial nerve which comprises auditory and vestibular branches, passing from the inner ear to the brainstem

A

auditory nerve

57
Q

a passage at the apical end of the cochlea connecting the scala vestibli with the scala tympani

A

helicotrema

58
Q

a membrane extending the entire length of the cochlea, separating the scala media fromt eh scala vestibuli

A

Reissner’s membrane

59
Q

a membrane extending the entire length of the cochlea separating the scala tympani from the scala media and supporting the organ of corti

A

basilar membrane

60
Q

a vascular strip that lies along the outer wall of the scala media. It is responsible for the secretion and absorption of the endolymph, it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the organ of corti, and it affects the positive DC potential of the endolymph.

A

stria vascularis

61
Q

the central pillar of hte cochlea

A

modiolus

62
Q

a membrane above the organ of corti in the scala media in which the tips o the cilia of the hair cells are embedded

A

tectorial membrane

63
Q

protoplasmic filament on the surface of a hair cell (noise exposure)

A

stereocilia

64
Q

Outter hair cells

A

sensation of loudness

65
Q

damage to outer hair cells

A

lose ability to hear soft sounds

66
Q

what hair cells are attacked first?

A

outter

67
Q

what seperates the outer and inner hair cells

A

corti’s arch

68
Q

arranged anatomically acocrding to best frequency of stimulation

A

tonotopic

69
Q

carrying messages from the ear to the brain

A

afferent

70
Q

receiving impulses from teh brain

A

efferent

71
Q

the lower part of the brain above the medulla and the pons behind the brain stem. it is the seat of posture and integrated movements.

A

cerebellum

72
Q

the part of the cerebral hemispheres usually associated with the perception of sound

A

temporal love

73
Q

loss of hearing sensitivity produced by damage to the cochlea or the neural structures that lie beyond

A

sensorineural hearing loss

74
Q

sounds emanating from teh cochlea that can be dtected int eh external auditory canal with probe tube microphones

A

otacoustic emission

75
Q

risk factors for permanent congenital hearing loss

A

familyhistory of permanent childhood hearing loss
mechanical ventilation
in utero infections such as cmv rubella herpes syphillis toxoplassmois
craniofacial anomalies
ototoxic medications or loop diuretics
hyperbillrubinemia
syndrome associated with hearing loss

76
Q

hearing loss from loud impulsive sound such as gunfire or explosions

A

acoustic trauma

77
Q

hearing loss associated with the aging process

A

presbycusis

78
Q

inflammation of the meninges the three protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

79
Q

ear or head noises usually described as ringing roaring or hissing

A

tinnitus

80
Q

distortion of the auditory signal that is associated with loss of auditory sensitivity evidence by poor word recognition

A

dysacusis

81
Q

a disease of the inner ear whose symptoms include tinnitus vertigo and hearing loss
the hearing loss usually fluctuates and is often unilateral

A

meniere disease

Intro to Audiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions