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Intro to Audiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

psychoacoustics

A

what happens in brain and how we perceive sound

study of the relationship between physical stimuli and psychological responses to which they give rise.

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2
Q

physical acoustics

A

science of sound

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3
Q

sound

A

is a propagated change or disturbance in the density, and therefore in the pressure of an elastic medium.

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4
Q

sound travels through air in the form of

A

waves

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5
Q

sound wave

A

a period of compression and a period rarefaction

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6
Q

Brownian motion

A

the rapid and random movement of air particles

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7
Q

solid is more elastic than______ and liquid is more elastic than a _____

A

liquid, gas

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8
Q

All mechanical waves require

A

1) some source of disturbance
2) a medium that can be disturbed
3) some physical connection through which adjacent portion of the medium can influence each other.

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9
Q

sound travels by

A

moving objects such as loud speaker and moving air such as organ pipes

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10
Q

transverse is _______________to sound wave

A

perpendicular

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11
Q

longitudinal wave

A

a wave in which the particles of the medium move along the same axis as the wave

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12
Q

frequency

A

the number of complete oscillations of a vibrating body per unit of time. in Acoustics the unit of measurement is cycles per second (CPS) or hertz (Hz).

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13
Q

sinewave

A

the waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion

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14
Q

pure tone

A

a tone of only one frequency

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15
Q

The two major effects on frequency are

A

mass and stiffness

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16
Q

resonant frequency

A

the natural rate of vibration of a mass

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17
Q

amplitude

A

max height above resting spot; the extent of the vibratory movement of a mass from its position of rest to that point farthest from the position of rest

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18
Q

few rarefactions and compressions means a _____frequency sound

A

low

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19
Q

small amplitude

A

soft sounds

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20
Q

infrasound

A

frequency too low for human hearing

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21
Q

ultrasound

A

frequency too high for humans to hear

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22
Q

velocity of a sound wave

A

the speed with which it ravels from the source to another point

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23
Q

when temperature and humidity increase the speed of sound_____

A

increases

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24
Q

wavelength

A

distance between peaks, measured from any point on the pressure wave to the same point on the next wave.

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25
Q

phase

A

the relationship in time between two or more waves

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26
Q

in phase

A

two waves exactly equal, increase amplitude

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27
Q

out of phase

A

cancel each other out, there is silence

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28
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency of vibration in a complex sound

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29
Q

periodic sounds

A

no overtone, exactly one frequency, a complex sound that repeats over time.

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30
Q

aperiodic sounds

A

vary randomly over time, do not have fundamental frequencies and are usually perceived as noise.

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31
Q

power of a sound goes with _______of a sound

A

intensity

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32
Q

intensity

A

the amount of sound energy per unit of area

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33
Q

dyne

A

is how much pressure a sound causes

the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram at a rate of one centimeter per second squared.

34
Q

decibel based on a _________ scale

A

logarithm

35
Q

zero decibels means

A

the softest sound the best ears can hear

36
Q

dB Intensity Levels

A

how much power to make sound - watts/cm^2 (intensity levels double increased by 3)

37
Q

dB sound pressure level

A

how much pressure change - dyne/cm^2 (sound pressure level doubles increased by 6)

38
Q

dB Hearing level

A

decibel level for testing human hearing

39
Q

dB sound level

A

sound level above the patients threshold

40
Q

quality

A

the vividness or identifying characteristics of a soudn

41
Q

All sound waves posses

A

speed, frequency, wavelength, phase, period and amplitude

42
Q

All sound waves also reflect

A

echo, diffract and reverberate

43
Q

loudness

A

psychological experience most directly related to sound pressure/intensity

44
Q

The psychological correlate of frequency is

A

pitch

45
Q

The decibel reference on audiometers is

A

hearing level

46
Q

Pitch

A

the subjective impressions of the highness or lowness of a sound

47
Q

Mel

A

is a perceived scale of pitches judged by listeners. how a person perceives pitch

48
Q

Phon

A

psychoacoustic measure of loudness

49
Q

localization

A

the ability to determine the specific location of a sound source

50
Q

critical bands

A

regions in the cochlea where the hearing nerves allow us to perceive different pitches.

51
Q

masking

A

the threshold shift of one sound that is caused by the introduction of a second sound

52
Q

Impedance

A

the opposition it offers to the transmission acoustic energy. Stopping sound wave

53
Q

pure tone audiometer

A

the device allows for a comparison of any persons hearing threshold to that of an established norm

54
Q

loudness levels

A

-10 to 120 dB HL

55
Q

audiometer earphones are use to test hearing by

A

air conduction

56
Q

bone conduction

A

an oscillator is placed on the forehead or mastoid to test hearing

57
Q

Speech Audiometer

A

test through speaker need to be calibrated

usual range is from -10 to 110 dB HL

58
Q

audiometers measure frequency and intensity. The frequencies range from

A

250 Hz to 8000 Hz.

59
Q

period

A

1/frequency. Time of complete vibration

60
Q

source of vibration

A

such as vocal folds

61
Q

Source of energy

A

how much power it takes to produce the speech is IL watts/cm^2

62
Q

a medium

A

causes changes in pressure

63
Q

receiver

A

we use the decibel scale to represent how loud or soft the voice is

64
Q

sound acts the same no matter what/who produces it

A

True

65
Q

two sine waves may be contrasted by their difference in ________, _________, and _______

A

frequency
intensity
phase

66
Q

Discussion of decibels meaningless without a _______

A

reference

67
Q

velocity of sound is its ______

A

speed

68
Q

Number of beats per second is determined by the difference between two _________

A

frequencies

69
Q

Sound wave made up of a number of different sinusoids with each different frequencies

A

complex wave

70
Q

Increased threshold air conduction and bone conduction

A

sensorineural

71
Q

hearing loss by air conduction

A

conductive hearing loss

72
Q

bony protrusion is in ______

A

mastoid

73
Q

normal air conduction threshold

A

normal hearing

74
Q

sound travels through ear in form of this _______

A

sound wave

75
Q

waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion

A

sine wave

76
Q

waves are describes as ______ and _______

A

compressions and rarefactions

77
Q

another name for cycles per second

A

hertz

78
Q

number of complete oscillations of a vibrating body per unit of time

A

frequency

79
Q

cochlea

A

organ of hearing

80
Q

a decrease in strength of sound

A

attenuation

81
Q

auditory nerve

A

connects ear to brain

82
Q

barotrauma

A

sudden changes of pressure

Intro to Audiology (12 decks)

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