chapter 10 middle ear

Question 1

mode of operation and function of middle ear

Answer 1

mechanical vibration
impedance matching
selective oval window stim
pressure equalization

Question 2

Outer ear has ________ energy

Answer 2

acoustic

Question 3

Middle ear has three ossicle bones

Answer 3

malleus incus and stapes

Question 4

Middle ear transduces acoustic energy into ________ energy

Answer 4

mechanical

Question 5

The purpose of the estuchian tube is to match the pressure of the middle ear to the pressure of the _________

Answer 5

outer ear

Question 6

middle ear makes up for the loss of hearing when going from _____to ______

Answer 6

air

fluid

Question 7

acute otitis media is ____onset

Answer 7

rapid

Question 8

oval window

Answer 8

separates middle ear from inner ear

Question 9

Vibratory connections between ossicular chain and the inner ear are established by the _________

Answer 9

oval window

Question 10

malleus

Answer 10

The first and largest bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear, connected to the tympanic membrane and the incus

Question 11

Incus

Answer 11

the second bone in the ossicular chian, connecting hte malleus to the stapes, resembles an anvil

Question 12

VIbrating of the tympanic membrane is greater than _______

Answer 12

oval window

Question 13

stapes

Answer 13

the third and smallest bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear, connected to the incus and standing in the oval window, resembles a stirrup

Question 14

A main function of the middle ear is to match the impedance of the air in the external auditory canal of the impedance of the ________

Answer 14

inner ear

Question 15

Impedance

Answer 15

total opposition to motion
opposition of a system to the flow of energy into it and through it
inner ear is fluid therefore, the middle ear must overcome or math the impedance

Question 16

function of ossicles

Answer 16

99.9% sound is reflected due to high impedance of fluid in the cochlea
30 dB sound loss from air- fluid impedance mismatch
middle ear bones overcome the loss of sound by increasing sound pressure to 34 dB

Question 17

tensor tympani muscle

Answer 17

contracts in response to intense acoustic stimulation to protect the ear
innervated by CN V (malleus)

Question 18

stapedius muslce

Answer 18

normally contracts causing a change in the resting position of the tympanic membrane when either ear is stimulated by an intense sound
innervated by CN VII (stapes)

Question 19

The muscles that operate in the middle ear are the

Answer 19

tensor tympani

stapedius

Question 20

acoustic reflex

Answer 20

protection again loud noise damage and reflexively activated by loud noise

Question 21

compare Eustachian tube in children and adults

Answer 21

children” a shorter smaller less steep tube

Question 22

The accumulation of fluid in the middle ear is more common in babies that in older children and adults because the Eustachian tube is _______

Answer 22

open and relatively flat

Question 23

The purpose of PE tubes is to

Answer 23

normalize middle ear pressure

Question 24

The ossicles start forming at _____ days of gestation

Answer 24

32

Question 25

otitis media

Answer 25

infection in the middle ear

Question 26

chorda tympani nerve

Answer 26

is a branch of the facial nerve that passes through the middle ear, sense of taste cranial nenrve VII

Question 27

disorders of the middle ear can result in _______ hearing loss

Answer 27

conductive

Question 28

middle ear infections start with _________ pressure

Answer 28

negative

Question 29

T tube

Answer 29

designed to stay in until removed by doctor

Question 30

acute suppurative otitits media

Answer 30

infection in the middle ear space fills with pus

Question 31

cholesteatoma

Answer 31

a tumor occurring in the middle ear and mastoid, that combines fats and epithelium from outside the middle-ear space
can get permanent conductive hearing loss
surgical removal of everything

Question 32

Mastoidectomy

Answer 32

an operation to remove infected cells of the mastoid, part of the temporal bone.

Question 33

Tympanoplasty

Answer 33

primary purpose is restoration of the patient’s hearing to as great an extent as possible

Question 34

otosclerosis

Answer 34

laying down of new bone in the middle ear, usually around the footplate of the stapes. when it interferes with stapedial vibration, it produces a conductive hearing loss.

Question 35

eustachian tube is located

Answer 35

middle ear to nasopharynx

Question 36

Negative middle ear pressure is usually caused by some abnormality of the _________

Answer 36

Eustachian tube

Question 37

Perforation of tympanic membrane can lead to a ______ hearing loss

Answer 37

conductive