Exam 3 Flashcards
Most modern types of hearing aid circuits are this kind.
Digital
The difference between the intensity of the input signal and intensity of the output signal in a hearing aid is _______ _______
Acoustic gain
CROS hearing aids were originally designed for people with what type of hearing loss?
Unilateral
A whistling sound from a hearing aid
Feedback
An induction coil built into hearing aids that pick up electromagnetic signals from a telephone
telecoil
measurement of middle ear pressure
tympanometry
The cranial nerves involved with the acoustic reflex arc _______ & ___________
VII & VIII
Otoacoustic emissions may be either stimulated or _______
evoked
True or False: ABR is an exact measure of hearing
False
Observation of changes in the activity state of an infant in response to sound
Behavioral observation audiometry
The use of a light or picture to reinforce a child’s response to sound
Visual reinforcement audiometry
Testing hearing by having the child put a peg on a board or a block in bucket, or….
Conditioned play audiometry
A form of operant audiometry using tangible reinforcers such as food or tokens
Tangible reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry
The main goals of infant hearing screening
Early identification and intervention
The falsification or exaggeration of hearing ability for some conscious or unconscious reason
Erroneous hearing loss
This “classic” test is best used for people who have asymmetrical hearing losses
Stenger Test
treatment of adults who have hearing loss
audiological rehabilitation
treatment of children who have hearing loss
audiological habilitation
Americans with Disabilities Act
A public law to provide equal opportunity for individuals who have disabilities
Public Law 94-142
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Annually-updated, federally mandated plan for the education of children who have handicaps
Individual Educational Plan
This type of hearing loss is almost always preventable
Noise induced
The song that was played in class
“Turn It To The Left”
Type of hearing loss in which both air conduction and bone conduction are equally impaired
sensorineural
This measure is on the horizontal axis on an audiogram
Frequenzy (Hz)
This measure is on the vertical axis on the audiogram
Intensity in decibels
The indication of an unmasked threshold for the right ear
O
What you obtain before practicing audiology
A state license
Abnormally high static compliance suggests
A fracture in the ossicular chain or a flaccid tympanic membrane
No compliance of the tympanic membrane in children is often caused by this
Middle ear fluid
if a person has a normal tympanogram, what type of hearing would that person have?
Normal hearing or sensorineural hearing loss
If a person has normal hearing in both ears, during acoustic reflex testing a signal presented to the left ear will elicit a reflex in the right ear, left ear, or both ears?
Both.
If a person has a normal evoked OAE, is that a guarantee of normal hearing?
NO
A patient with a severe sensorineural hearing loss with normal otoacoustic emissions is expected to have a lesion of what?
VIIIth nerve
Response to the sound in the form of electrical potentials that occur within the first few milliseconds after signal presentation
electrocochleography
In this test, waves are identified within the first 10 milliseconds
ABR
The tests often used in newborn hearing screening programs
OAE & ABR
Since many children do not respond at threshold during auditory tests, their responses are often called
Minimal response levels
Apgar is a procedure for evaluating
Newborns in the hospital
If otoacoustic emissions are present, hearing loss is no greater than
mild
Nonverbal children may be tested using speech audiometry by having them
Point to named pictures
What does the child need to do for an ABR test?
Remain still and quiet
Difficulty in the development of language and other communication skills associated with disorders of the auditory centers in the brain
Auditory processing disorder
The deliberate act of pretending to have or exaggerating a disability to personal gain
malingering
An erroneous hearing loss with root at an unconscious level
psychogenic
One of the first symptoms of erroneous hearing loss
Discrepancy between the pure tone average and the speech recognition threshold
A person may have normal hearing in one ear and no hearing in the other
Crossover should be noted in masking was not used
These types of tests require no response from the person being tested
Objective (acoustic reflex, OAE, ABR, etc)
Without objective testing, we may not know the person’s true hearing
The two things that affect how dangerous a sound is
Duration of exposure
Intensity of the sound
These types of devices are usually reserved for those with profound hearing loss
Cochlear implants
The event-related potential is also called the
P300
Theoretically, a patient with otosclerosis should show
lower than normal tympanic membrane compliance.
A patient has a 40 dB hearing loss caused by otosclerosis in the left ear. Acoustic relfexes with contralateral stimulation would probably show
absent right, absent left
Absence of an acoustic reflex is probable in
conductive hearing loss
facial nerve paralysis
profound sensorineural loss
During ABR the average electrical response is
1-5 microvolts
In the use of an immittance meter with the probe in the right ear and the phone over the left ear, the contralateral acoustic reflex is designed to measure the
facial nerve right, reflex SL left
Otoacoustic emissions occurring in the absence of external stimulation are called
SOAE
Flat tympanograms may be attributed to any of the following except
interrupted ossicular chain
Present in the contralateral acoustic reflex pathway but absent in the ipsilateral acoustic reflex pathway are the
crossover pathways
During measurements of static compliance, a patient’s C1 reading is 5.0cc. This suggests
tympanic membrane perforation
ECochG has an advantage over ABR in that
bone conduction can be done without masking.
The portion of the ear responsible for the stiffness component of impedance in the plane of the tympanic membrane is the
fluid load on the stapes.
A tympanogram with maximum compliance at −200 daPa suggests
negative pressure in the middle ear
Acoustic reflexes at 5 dB SL suggest
nonorganic hearing loss.
Middle latency responses are those that occur _____ msec after the presentation of the signal
15-50
ABR results are an indication of
neural integrity
A measured increase in compliance of the tympanic membrane may result from
interrupted ossicular chain
During ABR the most reliable wave in normal hearing adults is wave number
V
Reflex decay to half amplitude at 500 Hz within 10 seconds suggests
retrocochlear lesion
The tympanic membrane is maximally compliant when
middle-ear pressure equals outer-ear pressure
The usual stimulus for ABR is a
click
The component of impedance unrelated to frequency is
resistance
An acoustic reflex at a sensation level below 55 dB suggests
cochlear pathology
Theoretically, an interrupted ossicular chain shows the tympanogram type
AD
A tympanogram with no point of maximum compliance could result from
fluid in the middle ear
A retracted tympanic membrane should yield a tympanogram type
C
Your patient has an intra-axial brainstem lesion on the right side but normal hearing for pure tones in both ears. Acoustic reflex results should be as follows:
Contralateral: absent right, absent left
Ipsilateral: present right, present left
According to the impedance formula, early otosclerosis should result in an audiometric configuration that is
worse in the low frequencies
the most likely tympanogram to occur in the presence of otosclerosis is
AS
Auditory brainstem response audiometry views responses to sounds that occur
immediately after the stimulus
One very important device for performing auditory evoked response audiometry is a
averaging computer.
During electrocochleography, the target electrode is not placed on the
mastoid process
The “eye blink response” from infants to loud sounds is called:
APR
COR utilizes
two loudspeakers and two lighted dolls
Minimum sensory deprivation syndrome may be suspected of children with
repeated otitis media
Probably the easiest nonlanguage child to misdiagnose is the one with a hearing loss in
the high frequencies
In operant conditioning the reinforcer should
be positive.
be tangible.
immediately follow the response.
The six sounds of the Ling six-sound test are
oo (as in move), ee (as in beet), ah (as in father), sh, s, and m
Ideally, public school hearing screening programs would include
pure tone screening, tympanometry, and acoustic reflexes
Normal speech-detection thresholds in children do not necessarily mean normal hearing because
hearing may be normal only in the low- or high-frequency range
An infant’s startle response to a loud scream may mean
a moderate hearing loss with recruitment
normal hearing in one ear
normal hearing in both ears
ABR has some limits in pediatric diagnosis because
it does not provide information about hearing in the low frequencies
Present neonatal screening protocol recommends that it should be performed
on all neonates
Difficulties encountered when using noisemakers to test neonates is control of
intensity
distance
frequency
The following test for erroneous hearing loss is limited to unilateral losses
Stenger test
The minimum contralateral interference level is designed to
approximate threshold on the Stenger
Elevation of vocal output in the presence of noise is called the
Lombard voice reflex
A erroneous hearing loss of an unconscious nature is called
psychogenic hearing loss
Malingering can be proven only if
the patient admits it
The following test gives the best estimate of threshold
pure-tone DAF
The Lombard test can be done as part of
delayed-speech feedback
The following is not an alerting sign for erroneous hearing loss
elevated acoustic reflexes
The problem with most tests for erroneous hearing loss is that they are
nonquantitative
The latest addition to the battery of tests for erroneous hearing loss is
otoacoustic emissions
The following is a typical finding with erroneous hearing loss
lack of cross-hearing in unilateral loss.
Threshold can probably best be determined on an erroneous hearing loss patient showing bilateral hearing loss with the
ABR
Key tapping is used with
pure-tone DAF
Erroneous hearing loss involving a deliberate act is called
malingering
When a erroneous hearing loss is suspected, the audiologist may best increase cooperation by
shifting the blame to the examiner
In erroneous hearing loss the general finding is
SRT lower (better) than PTA
Binaural amplification will
improve hearing in noise.
improve localization abilities.
decrease the effects of sensory deprivation.
Weak but audible sound coming from a hearing aid will not be caused by a
switch to “telephone” setting
Lack of sound coming from a hearing aid may be caused by
twisted tubing.
occluded ear mold
broken receiver.
Acoustic feedback problems with hearing aids will not be lessened by
cupping a hand behind the aided ear.
The difference, in decibels, between the input and output SPL of a hearing aid is its
acoustic gain.
The input transducer of a hearing aid is its
microphone
Persons with total unilateral hearing losses are sometimes helped by a hearing aid called
CROS
Acoustic feedback will not be caused by
a twisted cord
“Ceramic,” “magnetic,” “dynamic,” and “electret” are different kinds of
microphones
Cochlear implants are
effective for some recipients for telephone conversations.
Bone-conduction hearing aids are usually reserved for patients who have
conductive hearing losses with chronic ear drainage
A sweep frequency audio oscillator is used to determine a hearing aid’s
frequency response.
Deemphasis of different portions of the frequency response of a hearing aid may be accomplished by
internal tone adjustments.
changing receivers.
earmold modifications
The maximum sound-pressure level emitted from the receiver of a hearing aid, regardless of its input level is called
OSPL.
measurements made in the plane of the tympanic membrane
immitance
the inverse of stiffness
compliance
the total opposition to the flow of acoustic energy
acoustic impedance
a measurement of the mobility of the tympanic membrane
static acoustic compliance
the total flow of energy through the middle-ear system; the reciprocal of impedance
acoustic admittance
the contribution to total acoustic impedance provided by mass, stiffness, and frequency
reactance
measurement of the pressure-compliance function of the tympanic membrane
tympanometry
IT helps us know function of CN VII, VIII, and brainstem
tympanometry
tests middle ear function
tympanometry
a graphic representation of a pressure-compliance function
tympanogram
a method of approximating the compliance component of impedance; the volume with a physical property equivalent to a similar propety of the middle ear
equivalent volume
contraction of one or both of hte middle-ear muscles in response to an intense sound
acoustic reflex
a small muscle, innervated by the trigeminal nerve and inserted into the malleus in the middle ear; one of two small muscles in hte middle ear the contract in response to intense acoustic stimulation.
tensor tympani muscle
a tiny muscle, innervated by the facial nerve and connected to the stapes in the middle ear by the stapedius tendon.
stapedius muslce
