Chapter 9 the outer ear Flashcards
The main function of the auricle/Pinna is to
catch sound and funnel it down the external auditory canal
Cartilage in Pinna is very flexible in ______
children and the elderly
Pinna
helps localize sound sources
direct sound into the ear
each individual’s pinna creates a distinctive imprin on the acoustic wave traveling into the auditory canal
Pinna doesn’t have many blood vessels or fat which is why they are prone to _______
frostbites
outer ear
mode of operation: air vibration
function: protection, amplification, localization
outer ear ends at _______
tympanic membrane
Concha
aids in the human ability to localize the sources of sounds that come from behind, below, and above the head.
Funnels sounds directed to it from the surrounding air into opening of the external auditory canal.
helix is a good place of retention for ______
hearing aids
ear wax (cerumen) is manufactured in _____
the outer portion of the external auditory canal
External auditory canal (meatus)
The channel in the external ear from the concha of the auricle to the tympanic membrane.
Cilia
eyelash-like projections of some cells that beat rhythmically to move certain substances over their surfaces
Ear pain in the absence of infection may be caused by
temporomandibular joiint neuralgia
otalgia
ear pain in adults
The angle of the external auditory canal is different in children and adults
children: canal angles downward and more acute angle
cerumen/ear wax
cleans ears. Repel water trap dust, sand particles, micro-organisms, and other debris moisturize epithelium in ear canal odor discourages insects antibiotic, antifungal propeties
The tympanic membrane is situated at the end of the canal where it is protected from _______ and where it can be kept at a constant ________ and _______
trauma
temperature
humidity
Tympanic membrane-ear drum compromises of 3 skin layers
outer layer of skin, middle layer of connective tissue, and an inner layer of mucous membrane
pars flaccida
upper part of the tympanic membrane
pars tensa
lower part of hte tympanic membrane
Otoscopy
looking into the ear canal
outer ear develops how many days after conception
28 days
microtia
small external pinna
anotia
absence of pinna
Otoplasty
surgical procedure done when auricle protrudes markedly from the ear or when it is pressed tightly against the skull
blockage or atresia
moderate conductive hearing losses
usually medically or surgically treatable
surgical or traumatic
low mid frequency conductive
prosthetic available
if auricle is missing in children
surgery is not advised
atresia
congenital absent or closed ear canal
hearing losses in the outer ear are caused by
occlusion
myringoplasty
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane
tympanosclerosis
tympanic membrane becomes thickened and scarred
External otitis
infection of outer ear
vibratory connection of ovular window connects ______ and ______ ear
middle and outer ear
Ear canal collapse during pure-tone audiometry can lead to erroneous results. This collapse can be avoided through the use of
earphones ear plugs
oscillator is places on the forehead for _____
bone conduction
