auditory nerve Flashcards
Arises in the inner and goes to the pons
two anatomically and functional parts:
-chochlear nerve
-vestibular nerve
Cranial nerve VIII auditory nerve
nerves that carry impulses from te periphery toward the brain
afferent fibers
arranged anatomically according to best frequency of stimulation
tonotopic
nerves that carry impulses from the brain toward the periphery
efferent fibers
a channel from the inner ear to the brainstem allowing passage of the auditory and vestibular branches of the VIIIth nerve and the internal auditory artery.
Internal Auditory meatus/internal auditory canal
The lower part of the brain above the medulla and the pons and behind the brain stem. It is the seat of posture and integrated movements.
cerebellum
Higher frequencies are in _______ part of brain.
outer
Low frequencies are in ________ part of brain
inner (middle)
The lowest portion of the brain, connecting the pons with the spinal cord.
Medulla oblangata
a bridge of fibers and neurons that connect the two sides of the brain at its base.
Pons
The are at the base of the brain at the junction of the cerebellum, medulla, and pons (temors tend to grow here)
cerebellopontine angle
the area of communication between neurons where a nerve impulse passes from an axon of one neuron to the cell body or dendrite of another
synapse
a crossing over, as of nerve fibers connecting both sides of the brain.
decussation
Nerve fibers connecting similar structures on both sides of the brain.
Commisures
the smaller of two cochlear nuclei on each side of the brain it receives fibers from the cochlea on the ipsilateral side (1st station 1st place it goes)
Dorsal cochlear nucleus
The larger of the two cochlear nuclei on each side of the brain; it receives the fibers of the cochlea on the ipsilateral side
ventral cochlear nucleus
one of hte auditory relay stations int eh midbrain, largely comprising units fro teh cochlear nuclei
superior olivary complex
The portion of the auditory pathway runnig from the cochlear nuclei to the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body
Lateral Lemniscus
One of the central auditory pathways found int eh posterior portion of the midbrain.
Inferior colliculus
Discrimination happens here; analysis of sound
Inferior colliculus
The final subcortical auditory relay station, found in the thalamus on each side of the brain.
Medial Geniculate body
The part of the cerebral hemispheres usually associated with the perception of sound.
Temporal loves
The auditory language areas are located in the _______ _______
temporal lobe
Located in the brain base, the thalamus send projecting fibers to, and receives fibers from, all parts of the cortex.
Thalamus
The convolution of the temporal love believed to be the seat of language comprehension of the auditory system.
Heschl’s Gyrus
A clot of hemorrhage of one of the arteries within the cerebrum stroke. Causes problems understanding speech
Cerebrovascular accident
A benign tumor involving the nerve sheath of the auditory.
Acoustic neuroma
Normal outer hair cell function (normal otoacoustic emissions)
ABnormal neural function at the level of the VIIIth nerve (abnormal auditory brainstem response)
Auditory Neuropathy dyssynchony
impairment of the central auditory nervous system interfering with decoding of acoustic signals, including difficulties in sound localization and speech discrimination in noise.
Central auditory processing disorder
Difficulty in the development of language and other communication skills associated with disorders of the auditory centers in the brain.
Auditory processing disorder
Auditory processing requires
ability to discriminate sounds
to segment words into sounds
to produce rhyming words
looks at not just the ability to hear individual sounds but to supply missing sounds to incomplete words
Criteraia for assessment at UH
be at least seven years or older have normal cognitive functioning have normal hearing have normal middle ear function be a competent English speaker have good articulation
air conduction and bone conduction testing
pure tone audiometry
a special flashlight device with a funnel like speculum on the end, designed to observe the tympanic membrane.
Otoscope
A device for determining the thresholds of hearing pure tones at various frequencies are generated, and their levels are increased or decreased until thresholds are found
audiometer
Outputs may include _______ for ______ conduction testing
earphones; air
Outputs may include a _______ conduction oscillator for _______ conduction
bone; bone
A pure tone that is frequency modulated. Used often with children and if speakers are being used
warble tone
The average of the hearing levels at frequencies 500 1000 and 2000 Hz for each ear as obtained on a pure tone hearing test
pure tone average
The response to a sound stimulus evoked when the skull is deformed by a bone conduction oscillator, distorting the cochlea and giving rise to electrochemical activity within the cochlea
Distortional bone conduction
stimulation of the cochlea caused by lag of the chain of middle-ear bones, or inner ear fluids. when the skull is deformed, resulting in movement of the stapes in and out of the oval window.
inertial bone conductions
The contribution to hearing by bone conduction created when the vibrating skull sets the air in the external ear canal into vibration, causing sound waves to pass down the canal, impinging on the eardrum membrane, and being conducted through the middle ear to the cochlea.
Osseotymoanic bone conduction
listening with one ear
monaural
listening with both ears to either the same or different stimuli
biaural
in speech audiometry, introduction of a speech signal through a microphone. The loudness of the voice is monitored visually by means of a VU
Monitored live voice
The lowest level in decibels at which a subject can barely detect the presence of speech and identify is as speech. also called the speech awareness threshold.
speech detection threshold
rapidly delivered speech, either prerecorded or by monitored live voice, in which the output is monotonous and the peaks of the words strike zeron on the VU meter. Used in determining the SDT.
cold running speech
The lowest hearing level at which speech can barely be understood
speech recognition threshold
a two syllable word pronounced with equal stress on both syllables. Used for obtaining the SRT
spondaic words
a phrase such as “say the word” that precedes the stimulus word during speech audiometry.
carrier phrase
the hearing level designated by the listener as the most confortable listening level for speech
most comfortable loudness
the intensity at which speech becomes uncomfortably loud
uncomfortable loudness level
the reception of a sound signal during a hearing test at the ear opposite the ear under test
cross hearing
the loss of energy of a sound presented by either air conduction or bone conduction as it travels from the test ear to the non-test ear.
interaural attenuation
keeping one ear busy while testing the other
masking
the shift in the auditory threshold of a tone produced by a noise in the opposite ear
central masking
occurs when a masking noise presented to the nontest ear is lough enough to shift the threshold int eh test ear beyond its true values
overmasking
