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Obstetric And Gynecology > THE INFERTILE COUPLE I > Flashcards

THE INFERTILE COUPLE I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of infertility?

A

Inability of a couple to achieve conception after one year of regular unprotected intercourse.

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2
Q

Why is childbearing considered important in many societies?

A

Religious, inheritance, and societal status considerations.

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3
Q

What percentage of couples worldwide are affected by infertility?

A

Between 10% and 20%.

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4
Q

Name two factors contributing to the increase in infertility rates.

A

Infection and environmental pollution affecting sperm quality.

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5
Q

List three classifications of infertility based on etiology.

A

Tubal, anovulation, fibroids, endometriosis, male factors, coital issues, and unexplained infertility.

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6
Q

What are the key components of infertility management?

A

Joint assessment, history, examination, and investigations such as semen analysis and ovulation tests.

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7
Q

What should be included in the history-taking for an infertile couple?

A

Age, marital status, occupation, duration of infertility, symptoms related to major causes, previous investigations, and treatments.

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8
Q

What physical examinations are performed for infertility assessment?

A

General examination, neck, breasts, abdomen, pelvic region, and male genital examination.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of semen analysis in infertility investigations?

A

To evaluate sperm parameters and identify male factor infertility.

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10
Q

What are the parameters assessed in semen analysis?

A

Volume (>1.5ml), concentration (>15 million/ml), total count (>39 million), progressive motility (>32%), morphology (>4%).

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11
Q

Name three ovulatory tests used in infertility diagnosis.

A

Mid-luteal phase progesterone, LH/FSH, and ultrasound folliculometry.

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12
Q

What are the common methods for assessing tubal patency?

A

HSG, laparoscopy with dye test, sonohysterography, and HyCoSy.

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13
Q

What is the role of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertility workup?

A

It evaluates the structure and patency of fallopian tubes and uterine cavity.

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14
Q

What baseline investigations are recommended for infertility?

A

Full blood count, blood group, rubella status, microbiology tests (e.g., HVS, ECS), and immunological tests.

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15
Q

Name two treatment options for anovulation.

A

Weight management and medications like clomiphene or letrozole.

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16
Q

How is tubal factor infertility managed?

A

Tubal surgery or IVF.

17
Q

What are the available treatments for male factor infertility?

A

ART, IVF, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

18
Q

When is in-vitro fertilization (IVF) considered in infertility treatment?

A

When other treatments fail or for unexplained infertility.

19
Q

Name two alternative options for couples with unexplained infertility.

A

Surrogacy and adoption.

20
Q

What controversies surround infertility treatment?

A

Ethical concerns about ART, cost, donor gametes, surrogacy, and cloning.

21
Q

Why is the age of the female partner significant in infertility?

A

Fertility decreases with advancing female age.

22
Q

What is the importance of understanding reproductive anatomy in infertility management?

A

It ensures rational management and diagnosis.

23
Q

What is the role of karyotyping in infertility investigations?

A

To detect chromosomal abnormalities affecting fertility.

24
Q

List three hormonal tests used to evaluate ovulation.

A

LH, FSH, prolactin.

25
Q

What is the significance of folliculometry in infertility assessment?

A

It monitors follicle development to predict ovulation.

26
Q

How is basal body temperature (BBT) used in ovulatory testing?

A

Tracks ovulatory patterns through temperature changes.

27
Q

What is the importance of laparoscopy in infertility investigations?

A

Identifies pelvic abnormalities and assesses tubal patency.

28
Q

Name three assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

A

IVF, ICSI, surrogacy.

29
Q

What is the purpose of a dye patency test during laparoscopy?

A

Confirms the patency of fallopian tubes.

30
Q

How can couples manage the emotional challenges of infertility?

A

Counseling and support groups.

Obstetric And Gynecology (12 decks)

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