TUBAL INFERTILITY

Question 1

What percentage of infertility cases are caused by female factors?

Answer 1

0.5

Question 2

Define infertility and its time frame for diagnosis.

Answer 2

Infertility is the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of trying with unprotected intercourse.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Infertility affects an estimated ___ to ___% of the population worldwide.

Answer 3

10 to 15%.

Question 4

What is the most common diagnostic procedure for tubal infertility, and what does it involve?

Answer 4

Hysterosalpingography (HSG); it involves X-rays to outline the uterus and fallopian tubes.

Question 5

List the four main diagnostic methods for tubal factor infertility.

Answer 5

HSG, laparoscopy and dye test, sono-hysterography, tubal insufflation.

Question 6

Why is laparoscopy considered the gold standard for diagnosing tubal infertility?

Answer 6

It allows direct visualization of the fallopian tubes and assessment of patency using dye tests.

Question 7

Name one major complication of laparoscopy.

Answer 7

Perforation of organs such as the bowel, bladder, or uterus.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) has a ___% error rate due to tubal spasm.

Answer 8

0.15

Question 9

What are the benefits of sono-hysterography compared to HSG?

Answer 9

It avoids X-ray exposure, is minimally invasive, and can be performed in an outpatient setting with minimal risk.

Question 10

List three common causes of tubal infertility.

Answer 10

Sexually transmitted infections, post-abortion complications, and postoperative scarring.

Question 11

Explain the role of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in managing tubal infertility.

Answer 11

IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes by stimulating the ovaries, retrieving eggs, fertilizing them in vitro, and transferring embryos into the uterus.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: IVF is needed by at least ___% of patients with tubal diseases.

Answer 12

0.3

Question 13

Differentiate between macrosurgery and microsurgery for tubal infertility.

Answer 13

Macrosurgery involves traditional surgical techniques, while microsurgery uses magnification for better precision and results.

Question 14

What type of tubal surgery is performed for blockages at the uterine end of the tube?

Answer 14

Tubal implantation.

Question 15

What are the success rates for achieving tubal patency after surgery?

Answer 15

As high as 80%.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Pregnancy rates following tubal surgery are typically ___ to ___%.

Answer 16

20 to 40%.

Question 17

Describe one reason why results of tubal surgery are poorer in developing countries.

Answer 17

Multiple tubal lesions, pelvic infections, and adhesions are more common in these regions.

Question 18

What are the success rates for egg recovery, fertilization, and live births with IVF?

Answer 18

Egg recovery: 80%, fertilization: 70%+, live births (take-home baby rate): 25%.

Question 19

List three preventive measures for tubal infertility.

Answer 19

Preventing infections, treating infections effectively, and avoiding unsafe abortions.

Question 20

Creative question: Create a patient scenario involving tubal infertility and propose an appropriate diagnostic and treatment plan.

Answer 20

(Answers will vary; should demonstrate understanding of diagnostics and treatment like IVF or tubal surgery.)