The Industrial Revelution Flashcards
the industrial revolution describes a period of time when “___” abandons the old way of ___, and creates a new way of ___
1.Western society
2.producing
3.making items
The Cottage Industry
Skilled craftsman passed down from generation to generation
-The seeds of industrialization began in England during the early 1700s when wealthy land owners began to buy family farms for large scale agriculture
Enclosed movement
crop rotation will produce more food and lead to larger population
Displaced farmers will drift into cities looking for ___
Work
Urbanization-
Movement of people from the country to the city
Meanwhile, landowners will seek new ways to make
greater profits on their properties
Northern England and Scotland
-Wealthy landowners seek new ways to transport wool to London
-1765-James Watt-The Steam Engine
The use of the steam engine will be applied to shipping ann later, locomotives
-Railways begin to connect British cities
With more and more food and wool arriving in English cities, their came the need to manufacture it more quickly and efficiently
-Factory system.
In Britian, a new class structure develops
-Lower Middle Class-Small business owners and Factory Managers, Bankers
-Working class, Factory workers and low level clerks
Because of competition for jobs, working conditions will deteriorate.
-Low wages
-Long hours
-dangerous conditions
-Child labor
-Working families
After beginning in Britain, the Industrial Revelation will spread to North America
-El Whitney-Cotton Gin
-Henry Bessemer-Steel making process
Following the defeat of Napolean, Industry will spread to Belgium, and the German States
-Access to coal and iron core
Soon, countries that have not industrialized
(France, Spain, Russia, Italy) will fall behind
Northern Europe (___) will become___
(Britain, German States) will become economic powers
New political philosophies
New political philosophies
Adam Smith-
-The Invisible hand-
-Laissez faire
-capitalism
Free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to accidentally act in the public interest, even when this is not something intended.
The invisible hand
Advocates minimum government intervention in the economy.
Lasses Faire
an economic and political system in which a countries trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
capitalism-
Karl Marx
-Das Kapital
-Communist Manifesto
-Communism
Collective bargaining-
Unions are able to negotiate better conditions (strikes)
Beginning the latter 1800s, citizens began to pressure governments to pass laws in hopes to improve the plight of the worker
Set Work Week Hours
Minimum Wage
Workman’s Compensation and disabilities
Child Labor Laws
Medical Breakthroughs
Medical Breakthroughs
Edward Jenner-
Vaccination
Louis paster-
heat kills germs
Jacon Lister-
alcohol kills germs
a society where all wealth is owned by the public
Communism
investment of private wealth for future profit
Capitalism
Wealthy middle class buying land to raise crops
Enclosed Movement
