Colonial Independence Flashcards
Following WWII, the traditional colonial powers of ___
Europe and Japan were bankrupt
As the aftermath of the war unfolded, it became clear that these nations could no longer afford to ___
maintain their colonies abroad
With the Cold War being waged, the question arose:
would colonies choose democracy or communism
The Middle East
The Middle East
-Since World War I, the Middle east had been divided and ruled by Europe’s Mandate system
-Britain-Egypt, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq
-France-Algeria, Lebenon, Syria Italy-Somaliland (Simolia)
Somolia will gain independence with
Italy’s defeat during World War II
Both ___ and ___ announced that they would be leaving their mandates
Britain
France
Problems will arise for ___ and their ___
British
mandates
During World War I, Britain had promised Arabs in Palestine and Zionist in Europe an
independent homeland
Starting in 1917, a small population of European Jews (Zionist) began buying land from ___
Palestanian owners and moving into the area
The Jewish population in Palistine remained ___
small until 1945
In 1948, violence was beginning to erupt between ___
Jews and arabs
Hoping to prevent violence after leaving, the British divided Jewish and Arabs sections of Palistine
-Partition
Syria, Lebanon+, Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia were angered by the creation of a non-Muslim country in the middle east, and vowed to ___
to help Palestanians drive out Jews.
As British soldiers left the area, war erupted between Jewish
setters and arabs
They created a new country in the region
-Isreal
-Palestinians who aided invading Arab armies fled or will be expelled
Israel seized the Gaza strip
The Suez Crisis
The Six Days War
Israel seized the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and Jeruselum
Israel defeats another invasion attempted by Arab Forces
The Kom Kippler War
The Arab-Israeli Conflict will be intertwined with the cold war
-Israel backed by U.S, U.K, and other democratic countries
-Arab nations backed by U.S.S.R
Israel prevails in every major war against the Arabs, but struggles with___
Arab populations that come under Israeli control
Today, this conflict remains bitter, with many Arab countries refusing to recognize Israel, and Palestenians in Israel fighting for an independent state
-Palestinian Liberation organization
-Hamas
While the Europeans left their colonies in the Middle East, they also began leaving colonies in Africa
-1957-Ghana
-1958-Guinea
-1960-West African countries had achieved independence
In Kenya, an independent movement began led by
Jomo Kanyatta
1963-a Kenyan secret society launched a rebellion against British rule
-The Mau Mau rising
The British agree to grant independence to___
Kenya
Angola
-After being colonized by the Portuguese for over 400 years, a communist insurgency emerges
1975- Angola ___ but will fight a ___ until 2002
1.gains independence
2.civil war
Following the Boer War, the South African government will impose segregation on the people
-Apartheid-separated the 16% of South Africans of European descent from those of native African descent
-Apartheid does not end until 1989
-Nelson Mandela elected President
In the British Colony of India,
Independency movements had been active since 1930s
One of these will be a unique movement led by one man:
-Mohandas Ghandi
Ghandi’s movement will be the 1st to achieve a goal through a new method:
-Non-violent Protest
Following World War II, Gandhi will step up the pressure on the Raj
-The Salt March
-Hunger Strikes
In 1947, The United Kingdom announced it would leave
India
Before leaving, Britain partitions India
-India-Hindu
-East and West Pakistan-Muslim
Massive violence erupted between
Hindus and Muslims
Ghandi is assassinated by a
Hindu radical in 1948
In the 1970s, Ceylon will become independent form India
-Sri Lanka
Later, East Pakistan will become independent from West Pakistan
Bangladesh
Country created out of Palestine-
Israel
Ghandis most notable protest
Salt March
War that gave Israel control over Jerusulum
6 day war
First sub Saharan African Country to gain independence
Ghana
Belgian colony that gained independence
Congo
Indian Muslim Partition
East and West Pakistan
Europes Jewish national movement that sought to return to Jewish ancestors-
Zionism
The worlds largest democracy-
India
