The Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 1

Circannual

Answer 1

one year

Question 2

Infradian

Answer 2

28 days

Question 3

Circadian

Answer 3

one day

Question 4

Ultraradian

Answer 4

less than one day (occurring within the day)

Question 5

What is the “circadian clock”?

Answer 5

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 6

Where is the SCN located?

Answer 6

the hypothalamus

Question 7

zeitgebers

Answer 7

Time giver/time clue (like sunlight)

Question 8

Franz Halberg

Answer 8

Coined circadian

Question 9

Pineal gland. location? size? known as? synthesizes?

Answer 9

Near hypothalamus
Size of a pea ~5mm
“third eye” entrained by light and can “see”
Sythesizes melatonin

Question 10

Melatonin release from ____ influences ____

Answer 10

pineal gland, sleep patterns

Question 11

What 4 things does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 11

Body temp
Thirst
Sleep
Circadian rhythm

Question 12

Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

AVP
Oxytocin

Question 13

Which part of the pituitary does not produce hormones?

Answer 13

Posterior

Question 14

What type of tissue is the posterior pit?

Answer 14

Neural tissue (series of nerves)

Question 15

What type of tissue is the anterior pituitary?

Answer 15

Epithelial tissue

Question 16

What is the other name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 16

Hypophysis

Question 17

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

anterior pituitary - (adenohypophysis)
posterior pituitary - (neurohypophysis)

Question 18

Which part of the pit. gland secretes hormones?

Answer 18

Adenohypophysis

Question 19

What are the steps of release for neurohormones?

Answer 19

1. Hormone is made and packaged in the cell body of neuron
2. Vesicles are transported down the axon
3. Vesicles containing hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
4. Hormones are released into the blood

Question 20

Magnocellular cell bodies extend from hypothalamic ______ and _______

Answer 20

supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN)

Question 21

Neurohormones ___ and ___ stored in vesicles then released into adjacent fenestrated capillaries

Answer 21

AVP and oxytocin

Question 22

Create a chart to describe anterior and posterior pituitary glands. What hormones are released? What type of tissue? synthesis?

Answer 22

Anterior:
-Hypothalamic releasing inhibitory hormones
-Portal system (median eminence)
-Synthesis of tropic hormones
-Tropic hormones released into blood stream
Posterior:
-Hypothalamic neurohormones
-Tract - neural tissue
-No synthesis of new hormones
-Neurohormones released into blood stream

Question 23

What are the 3 disorders of the pituitary gland?

Answer 23

Gigantism
Acromegaly
Dwarfism (200 types) (pit/achondroplasia)

Question 24

Gigantism

Answer 24

Hyperplasia of pituitary gland as a result of too much(excess) GH

Question 25

What can occur as the result of gigantism?

Answer 25

Numerous metabolic disorders
Hyperglycemia

Question 26

How can you treat gigantism?

Answer 26

Regulate GH with inhibitory drugs

Question 27

What is the incidence rate of gigantism?

Answer 27

1:14,000

Question 28

Acromegaly

Answer 28

Pituitary adenoma as a result of excess GH

Question 29

What is the incidence of acromegaly? How do we treat it?

Answer 29

1:3,000,000
Remove tumour/ regulate GH with inhibitory drugs

Question 30

Dwarfism (pituitary)

Answer 30

Anterior pituitary hormone deficiency during childhood
(small but proportional)

Question 31

How do your treat dwarfism pituitary?

Answer 31

Treatable with GH during development

Question 32

Dwarfism (achondroplasia)

Answer 32

Spontaneous genetic missense mutation (FGFR3)

Question 33

Characteristics of dwarfism achondroplasia? How to treat?

Answer 33

Limbs are short in comparison to torso. Nonproportional
Irreversible