The Hypothalamus and pituitary gland Flashcards
Circannual
one year
Infradian
28 days
Circadian
one day
Ultraradian
less than one day (occurring within the day)
What is the “circadian clock”?
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Where is the SCN located?
the hypothalamus
zeitgebers
Time giver/time clue (like sunlight)
Franz Halberg
Coined circadian
Pineal gland. location? size? known as? synthesizes?
Near hypothalamus
Size of a pea ~5mm
“third eye” entrained by light and can “see”
Sythesizes melatonin
Melatonin release from ____ influences ____
pineal gland, sleep patterns
What 4 things does the hypothalamus control?
Body temp
Thirst
Sleep
Circadian rhythm
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
AVP
Oxytocin
Which part of the pituitary does not produce hormones?
Posterior
What type of tissue is the posterior pit?
Neural tissue (series of nerves)
What type of tissue is the anterior pituitary?
Epithelial tissue
What is the other name for the pituitary gland?
Hypophysis
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
anterior pituitary - (adenohypophysis)
posterior pituitary - (neurohypophysis)
Which part of the pit. gland secretes hormones?
Adenohypophysis
What are the steps of release for neurohormones?
- Hormone is made and packaged in the cell body of neuron
- Vesicles are transported down the axon
- Vesicles containing hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
- Hormones are released into the blood
Magnocellular cell bodies extend from hypothalamic ______ and _______
supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN)
Neurohormones ___ and ___ stored in vesicles then released into adjacent fenestrated capillaries
AVP and oxytocin
Create a chart to describe anterior and posterior pituitary glands. What hormones are released? What type of tissue? synthesis?
Anterior:
-Hypothalamic releasing inhibitory hormones
-Portal system (median eminence)
-Synthesis of tropic hormones
-Tropic hormones released into blood stream
Posterior:
-Hypothalamic neurohormones
-Tract - neural tissue
-No synthesis of new hormones
-Neurohormones released into blood stream
What are the 3 disorders of the pituitary gland?
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Dwarfism (200 types) (pit/achondroplasia)
Gigantism
Hyperplasia of pituitary gland as a result of too much(excess) GH
What can occur as the result of gigantism?
Numerous metabolic disorders
Hyperglycemia
How can you treat gigantism?
Regulate GH with inhibitory drugs
What is the incidence rate of gigantism?
1:14,000
Acromegaly
Pituitary adenoma as a result of excess GH
What is the incidence of acromegaly? How do we treat it?
1:3,000,000
Remove tumour/ regulate GH with inhibitory drugs
Dwarfism (pituitary)
Anterior pituitary hormone deficiency during childhood
(small but proportional)
How do your treat dwarfism pituitary?
Treatable with GH during development
Dwarfism (achondroplasia)
Spontaneous genetic missense mutation (FGFR3)
Characteristics of dwarfism achondroplasia? How to treat?
Limbs are short in comparison to torso. Nonproportional
Irreversible
