L7: The endocrine pancreas Flashcards
Exocrine
Secrete substances through ducts from acinar cells (GIT epitheliun)
Endocrine - secrete hormones directly into _____
bloodstream
The pancreas receives both _____ and _____ innervation
sympathetic - fight or flight
parasympathetic - rest and digest
Delta cells secretes
somatostatin
Alpha cells secretes
glucagon
Beta cells secretes
insulin and amylin
Insulin and amylin are secreted by
Beta cells
Glucagon is secreted by
alpha cells
Somatostatin is secreted by
delta cells
F cells secrete
pancreatic polypeptide
Insulin and _____ have antagonistic effects on blood _____
glucagon, glucose
Preproinsulin -> ______ -> insulin
proinsulin
Glucose stimulates _____ from __ cells
insulin, Beta
What is the major insulin-responsive transporter?
GLUT 4
Insulin is produced by pancreatic __ cells
beta
What is the main stimulus of insulin
Increased glucose
Who discovered insulin?
Frederick Banting
John McLeod
Glucagon ____ with an increase in blood glucose
decreases
Preproglucagon -> ____ -> glucagon
proglucagon
Glucagon is produced by pancreatic _ cells
alpha
What is the main stimulus of glucagon
Low glucose
Glucagon binds to glucagon receptors on _____
hepatocytes
What does glucagon promote?
release of glucose
3 disorders of the pancreas
DM T1/2
Gestational diabetes
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour
Type 1 DM
Autoimmune destruction of B cells
Dependent on insulin
8.4% globally (onset=10-14)
Type 2 DM
Insulin resistance
Normal or increased insulin
May require insulin to control hyperglycemia
Gestational diabetes
Disorder of pregnacy
Usually presents on repeat pregnancies
Altered glucose tolerance
Increased risk for mothers to have type 2 DM later in life
Pancreatic neuroendocrine Tumor (PNET)
A PNET can be benign or malignant
Insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma
Treatment: meds and/or surgery
