L7: The endocrine pancreas

Question 1

Exocrine

Answer 1

Secrete substances through ducts from acinar cells (GIT epitheliun)

Question 2

Endocrine - secrete hormones directly into _____

Answer 2

bloodstream

Question 3

The pancreas receives both _____ and _____ innervation

Answer 3

sympathetic - fight or flight
parasympathetic - rest and digest

Question 4

Delta cells secretes

Answer 4

somatostatin

Question 5

Alpha cells secretes

Answer 5

glucagon

Question 6

Beta cells secretes

Answer 6

insulin and amylin

Question 7

Insulin and amylin are secreted by

Answer 7

Beta cells

Question 8

Glucagon is secreted by

Answer 8

alpha cells

Question 9

Somatostatin is secreted by

Answer 9

delta cells

Question 10

F cells secrete

Answer 10

pancreatic polypeptide

Question 11

Insulin and _____ have antagonistic effects on blood _____

Answer 11

glucagon, glucose

Question 12

Preproinsulin -> ______ -> insulin

Answer 12

proinsulin

Question 13

Glucose stimulates _____ from __ cells

Answer 13

insulin, Beta

Question 14

What is the major insulin-responsive transporter?

Answer 14

GLUT 4

Question 15

Insulin is produced by pancreatic __ cells

Answer 15

beta

Question 16

What is the main stimulus of insulin

Answer 16

Increased glucose

Question 17

Who discovered insulin?

Answer 17

Frederick Banting
John McLeod

Question 18

Glucagon ____ with an increase in blood glucose

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

Preproglucagon -> ____ -> glucagon

Answer 19

proglucagon

Question 20

Glucagon is produced by pancreatic _ cells

Answer 20

alpha

Question 21

What is the main stimulus of glucagon

Answer 21

Low glucose

Question 22

Glucagon binds to glucagon receptors on _____

Answer 22

hepatocytes

Question 23

What does glucagon promote?

Answer 23

release of glucose

Question 24

3 disorders of the pancreas

Answer 24

DM T1/2
Gestational diabetes
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour

Question 25

Type 1 DM

Answer 25

Autoimmune destruction of B cells Dependent on insulin 8.4% globally (onset=10-14)

Question 26

Type 2 DM

Answer 26

Insulin resistance Normal or increased insulin May require insulin to control hyperglycemia

Question 27

Gestational diabetes

Answer 27

Disorder of pregnacy Usually presents on repeat pregnancies Altered glucose tolerance Increased risk for mothers to have type 2 DM later in life

Question 28

Pancreatic neuroendocrine Tumor (PNET)

Answer 28

A PNET can be benign or malignant Insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma Treatment: meds and/or surgery