L9: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

HPO Axis

Question 2

Estrogen is released from what type of cell?

Answer 2

granulosa cells

Question 3

What type of cells release progesterone?

Answer 3

Theca cells

Question 4

Theca cells

Answer 4

progesterone

Question 5

Granulosa cells

Answer 5

Estrogen

Question 6

Theca cells have aromatase T/F

Answer 6

False
Theca cells fo not have aromatase so they cannot convert test to E2

Question 7

Granulosa cells have aromatase T/F

Answer 7

True
Granulosa cells have aromatase so they can convert Testosterone into E2

Question 8

Range of onset for puberty

Answer 8

9-14 years

Question 9

How long is complete pubertal development?

Answer 9

~2 years

Question 10

Menarche - start of menstruation (__-__years)

Answer 10

11-16

Question 11

How does puberty begin in females?

Answer 11

Process beginds with GnRH secretion and a 20 fold increase in estrogen

Question 12

What are the 6 physiological effects of estrogen?

Answer 12

1. E. sex organs
2. Vaginal epithelium changes from cuboidal to stratified
3. Prolif. of fallopian tube mucosa and cilia
4. Growth of breasts and duct tissue
5. Decreased osteoclast activity and increased bone growth
6. Increased BMR, Increased protein and fat deposition

Question 13

5 physiological effects of progesterone

Answer 13

1. Secretory changes to endometrial lining during 2,d half of cycle
2. Secretions of mucosal lining of fallopian tubes
3. Develops breats tissue into secretory cells
4. Necessary for maintenance of pregnancy
5. Inhibitors form the basis of the “morning after pill”

Question 14

Pregnancy hormone

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

What is the largest cell in the human body?

Answer 15

Ovum

Question 16

3 phases in the ovarian cycle

Answer 16

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Question 17

3 phase in the endometrial cycle

Answer 17

Menstrual cycle, proliferatice phase, secretory phase

Question 18

What do we need for ovulation?

Answer 18

LH surge

Question 19

What hormone causes the proliferation of uterine endometrium?

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

______ peak before ovulation changes _____ _____ to assist sperm movement

Answer 20

estrogen, cervical mucus

Question 21

______ peak after fertilization thickens cervical mucus to assist with _______

Answer 21

Progesterone, implantation

Question 22

____ _____ consistency linked to fertility

Answer 22

Cervical mucus

Question 23

Follicular phase (4)

Answer 23

New follicles develop - primary role for estrogen (by FSH)
LH surge precedes ovulation by 24-36h
Ovulation occurs on day 14 of 28 cycle
Ovum remains viable for 24h

Question 24

Luteal phase (2)

Answer 24

Follicle becomes corpus luteum secreting progesterone and estrogen (by LH)
Degeneration of corpus luteum leads to precipitous fall in sex steroid and onset of menstruation

Question 25

Primary role of estrogen

Answer 25

New follicles to develop (Increase in FSH)

Question 26

Disorders of the female repro system

Answer 26

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Female infertility

Question 27

What is the most common reproductive disorder?

Answer 27

Polycystic Ovary syndrome

Question 28

What are the symptoms of POS

Answer 28

hyperandrogenemia and oligomenorrhea (infrequent menses) (<9 cycles per year) or ammenorrhea (no cycles for 3 consecutive months)

Question 29

What is POS associated with?

Answer 29

Obesity and DM2

Question 30

What can POS lead to?

Answer 30

Infertility and enlarged and cystic ovaries

Question 31

What is the treatment for POS?

Answer 31

Lifestyle changes Lower insulin resistance Stimulate natural endometrial cycle (birth control) Stimulate ovarian cycle and follicular production

Question 32

Female infertility

Answer 32

Absence of a live birth >5 years with no contraception Incidence 2% Can be associated with endometriosis Salpingitis Other infection

Question 33

Stages of the sexual act in males

Answer 33

1. Penile erection (parasympathetic) 2. Lubrication (para) 3. Emission and ejaculation (sympathetic) 4. Detumessence Contraction of smooth muscle

Question 34

Stages of the female sexual act

Answer 34

1. Female erection (para) 2. lubrication (para) 3. Female climax (sympathetic) 4. Resolution