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MDSC404 B > L9: Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

L9: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

HPO Axis

A
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2
Q

Estrogen is released from what type of cell?

A

granulosa cells

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3
Q

What type of cells release progesterone?

A

Theca cells

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4
Q

Theca cells

A

progesterone

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5
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Estrogen

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6
Q

Theca cells have aromatase T/F

A

False
Theca cells fo not have aromatase so they cannot convert test to E2

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7
Q

Granulosa cells have aromatase T/F

A

True
Granulosa cells have aromatase so they can convert Testosterone into E2

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8
Q

Range of onset for puberty

A

9-14 years

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9
Q

How long is complete pubertal development?

A

~2 years

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10
Q

Menarche - start of menstruation (__-__years)

A

11-16

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11
Q

How does puberty begin in females?

A

Process beginds with GnRH secretion and a 20 fold increase in estrogen

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12
Q

What are the 6 physiological effects of estrogen?

A
  1. E. sex organs
  2. Vaginal epithelium changes from cuboidal to stratified
  3. Prolif. of fallopian tube mucosa and cilia
  4. Growth of breasts and duct tissue
  5. Decreased osteoclast activity and increased bone growth
  6. Increased BMR, Increased protein and fat deposition
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13
Q

5 physiological effects of progesterone

A
  1. Secretory changes to endometrial lining during 2,d half of cycle
  2. Secretions of mucosal lining of fallopian tubes
  3. Develops breats tissue into secretory cells
  4. Necessary for maintenance of pregnancy
  5. Inhibitors form the basis of the “morning after pill”
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14
Q

Pregnancy hormone

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What is the largest cell in the human body?

A

Ovum

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16
Q

3 phases in the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

17
Q

3 phase in the endometrial cycle

A

Menstrual cycle, proliferatice phase, secretory phase

18
Q

What do we need for ovulation?

19
Q

What hormone causes the proliferation of uterine endometrium?

20
Q

______ peak before ovulation changes _____ _____ to assist sperm movement

A

estrogen, cervical mucus

21
Q

______ peak after fertilization thickens cervical mucus to assist with _______

A

Progesterone, implantation

22
Q

____ _____ consistency linked to fertility

A

Cervical mucus

23
Q

Follicular phase (4)

A

New follicles develop - primary role for estrogen (by FSH)
LH surge precedes ovulation by 24-36h
Ovulation occurs on day 14 of 28 cycle
Ovum remains viable for 24h

24
Q

Luteal phase (2)

A

Follicle becomes corpus luteum secreting progesterone and estrogen (by LH)
Degeneration of corpus luteum leads to precipitous fall in sex steroid and onset of menstruation

25
Q

Primary role of estrogen

A

New follicles to develop (Increase in FSH)

26
Q

Disorders of the female repro system

A

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Female infertility

27
Q

What is the most common reproductive disorder?

A

Polycystic Ovary syndrome

28
Q

What are the symptoms of POS

A

hyperandrogenemia and oligomenorrhea (infrequent menses) (<9 cycles per year) or ammenorrhea (no cycles for 3 consecutive months)

29
Q

What is POS associated with?

A

Obesity and DM2

30
Q

What can POS lead to?

A

Infertility and enlarged and cystic ovaries

31
Q

What is the treatment for POS?

A

Lifestyle changes
Lower insulin resistance
Stimulate natural endometrial cycle (birth control)
Stimulate ovarian cycle and follicular production

32
Q

Female infertility

A

Absence of a live birth >5 years with no contraception
Incidence 2%
Can be associated with endometriosis
Salpingitis
Other infection

33
Q

Stages of the sexual act in males

A
  1. Penile erection (parasympathetic)
  2. Lubrication (para)
  3. Emission and ejaculation (sympathetic)
  4. Detumessence Contraction of smooth muscle
34
Q

Stages of the female sexual act

A
  1. Female erection (para)
  2. lubrication (para)
  3. Female climax (sympathetic)
  4. Resolution

MDSC404 B (9 decks)

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