L8: The Male Reproductive System Flashcards
4 sex and accessory organs
testes
Ductal
Accessory sex glands
Supporting structures (external genitalia)
Testes are found within the ______
scrotal sac
male repro ducts
epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Accessory glands
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
What are the 3 accessory glands?
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
The seminal vesicles have a ______ ph
alkaline
Where do the seminal vesicles empty into after the vas deferens empties the sperm?
ejaculatory duct
Prostoglandins prime the cervix and contract uterus and fallopian tubes to propel sperm. Prostoglandins can be wither
dialotory, constrictive
The prostate gland secretes
milky, slightly acidic fluid
What does prostate gland milky, slightly acidic fluid contain? 5
-citric acid (for ATP production of sperm)
-clotting enzymes
-proteolytic enzymes
-seminalplasmin
-acid phosphatase
What contributes 60% of semen?
Seminal vesicle fluid
What is 25% of semen?
Prostate gland fluid
What is another name for the bulbourethral glands
Cowper’s glands
What type of fluid does the bulbourethral gland secrete?
an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment
-mucus to lubricate urethral lining and protect sperm
Semen contains ____ (%) plus fluids from the ______ (%)
sperm (10%)
3 accessory glands (90%)
Semen is sticky because of what gland?
Cowper’s
Fluid and sperm from ____ combine with fluids from accessory organs
vas deferens
What contributes the major volume of fluid to the semen?
Seminal vesicles
HPtesticular axis
Leydig cells
LH production which stimulates testosterone
Sertoli cells
Inhibin
What is the nuclei in the HPTest axis?
Arcuate
What do you require to create estradiol from testosterone?
P450 aromatase
What do you require to make DHT from testosterone?
5a-reductase
What cells produce testosterone?
Leydig cells
What are the 4 functions of testosterone/DHT?
Fetal development
Testicular descension
Pubertal enlargement of sexual organs (DHT)
Secondary characteristics
Body hair, muscle mass, skin thickness
What is the smallest cell in the human body?
sperm cell
Acrosome formed from golgi apparatus and contains _____ to ___
enzymes to penetrate ovum
What is the normal pH of semen?
7-8 (slightly alkaline)
_____ ____ surround the sperm cells inside tubular fluid (protecting ____)
Cholesterol vesicles, acrosome
Once ejaculated, sperm can survive ____ days and ____
3-5 days, 37.5C
Sperm cells remain inhibited until activated by
bodily fluids (capacitation)
What are the 3 disorders of the male repro system
Hypogonadism (hypothalamic eunichism)
Cryptochordism (testicular descension)
Erectile dysfunction
Hypogonadism
Decrease in testosterone
Infantile sex organs
Cause: Decrease in GnRH often associated with eating disorders
What is the treatment for hypogonadism
Replace GnRH and testosterone
Cryptochidism
Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum
Treatment for crytorchidism
Normal descension occurs within 2-3 months
Erectile dysfunction
Occurs in 50% of adult males 40-70 years
Related to stress, drug use, or onset or pathophysiology (DM)
Treated with drugs that target NO pathway
