L6: The Parathyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Chief cells produce _

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oxyphil cells

A

Absent in infants and children
Appear at puberty
Role unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is calcitonin produced in thyroid glands

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Low Ca stimulates ..

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High Ca stimulates

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the physiological effects of PTH?

A

Bone, Kidney -> intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

We do not want Ca and ___ to be reabsorbed at the same time

A

PO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 effect of PTH?

A

Bone: bone reabsorption and Ca efflux
Kindey: Increase in 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol, increase in Calcium and decrease in PO4 reabsoription
Intestine: Increased Ca and PO4 absrobed at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is PTH activated?

A

A decrease in calcium detected by the CaSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the half life of PTH?

A

4mins (short)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PTH causes an increase in Ca reabsorption and PO4 _____

A

excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Activates calcitriol to increased Ca and PO4 absorption in the

A

GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the target organs of PTH?

A

Bones and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PTH _____ Ca from bones

A

releases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is calcitonin released from?

A

Parafollicular cells (c cells) in thyroif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What works antagonitsically to PTH?

A

Calcitonin

17
Q

Calcitonin _____ with an increase in Ca

18
Q

What is a stronger regulator of Ca? PTH or calcitonin

19
Q

How does calcitonin protect against hypercalcemis

A

lowering serum Ca

20
Q

What activates calcitriol?

21
Q

THe active form, vitamin D3 requires

22
Q

Composition of bone __% inorganic _% organic

A

65% inorganic - hydroxyapatite
35% organic - osteoid

23
Q

Inorganic bone is for

A

compressional strength

24
Q

organic bone is for

A

tensile strength

25
What are the 3 types of bone cells?
Osteoblasts (bone formation) Osteoclasts (resorption) Osteocytes (trapped osteoblasts mature bone cells)
26
2 types of bone tissue
cortical - 80% of bone mass (outside layer) Trabecular - 20% (cont being replaced)
27
4 disorders associated with the parathyroid gland?
Rickets - osteomalacia Osteoporosis Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism
28
Rickets - osteomalacia
Calcium or phosphate deficiency Normally related to a decrease in vitamin D Mainly seen in children If untreated, PTH secretion will increase bone osteoclast activity and lead to weak bones
29
Treatment for rickets
Vitamin D plus calcium and phospate replacement Basis for vitamin D supplements in milk and bread (fortified)
30
Osteoporosis
Most common bone disease in adults Decreased bone matrix due to decreased osteoblast activity Malnutrition, post-menopausal changes in estrogen, reduced GH and lack of bone matrix, Cushing's syndrome (too much cortisol decreases osteonblast activity)
31
Treatment for osteoporosis
Biphosphonates Bind to bone surface and slow osteoclast resorption of bone Allows osteoblasts to work more effectively
32
Hyperparathyroidism
Innapp secretion of PTH Incease in bone resorbtion Increase calcium/phosphate levels Kidney stones adenoma on parathyroid glands
33
Treatment for hyperparathyroidism
removal of adenoma
34
Hypoparathyroidism
Too little PTH Hypocalcemia Muscle twitches and spasms that can lead to tetany Damage to parathyroid gland (thyroidsectomy, autoimmune)
35
Treatment for hypopara
Calcitriol and Ca supplements