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Biology Paper 2 > The Human Nervous System > Flashcards

The Human Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

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2
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Controls voluntary and involuntary actions.
It is made up of the brain and spinal chord

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3
Q

What are nerves made up of?

A

Bundles of individual neurones

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4
Q

What is a receptor?

A

detects a change and generates an electrical impulse

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5
Q

What organ is sight?

A

Eyes - light is the stimulus

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6
Q

What organ is hearing?

A

Ears - sound is the stimulus

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7
Q

What organ is taste?

A

Tongue - chemicals in food is the stimulus

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8
Q

What organ is smell?

A

Nose - chemicals in air

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9
Q

What organ is touch?

A

Skin - stimulus is touch, pressure, temperature, pain and itch

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10
Q

What is a SENSORY neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse FROM a RECEPTOR towards the CNS

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11
Q

What is a RELAY neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse WITHIN the CNS

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12
Q

What is a motor neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse AWAY from the CNS to an EFFECTOR

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13
Q

What do glands release into the blood?

A

hormones

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14
Q

What is an effector?

A

A muscle or a gland

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15
Q

What is the pathway of an electrical signal from a receptor to an effector?

A

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neurone -> Relay neurones -> Motor neurones -> Effector -> Response

Sneaky Robber Steals Remote Must Escape Rapidly

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16
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between the axon of one nerve and the dendrites of another where neurotransmitters transmit the impulse

17
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical substance released at the end of one neurone that diffuses across a synapse to begin a second electrical impulse in another neurone

18
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

The branched beginnings of neurones which can detect neurotransmitters and start another electrical impulse

19
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

The movement of an electrical impulse that avoids the brain to save time and so prevent damage to your body

20
Q

What is the reflex response?

A

An automatic response that you do not think about

21
Q

What is a concordant result?

A

Results that are similar

22
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The increase of size of blood vessels to increase the flow of blood to the surface of the skin and therefore reduce heat loss

23
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The reduction in size of blood vessels to reduce the flow of blood to the surface of the skin

Biology Paper 2 (14 decks)

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