DNA and the genome Flashcards
What is a genome?
One copy of all of your genetic information
What does a genome consist of?
2m of DNA
What is a double helix?
The characteristics spiral structure of DNA
What are complementary bases?
The four letters A-T and G-C which are always paired in DNA
What is a nucleotide?
A DNA base pair together with a sugar and phosphate molecule that make up the backbone of the double helix
What is cystic fibrosis?
A genetic disorder in which sufferers inherit two mutated copies of a gene, one from each parent, and have excess mucus in their
What are polypeptides?
A chain of amino acids that has not been folded into a protein
What is a gene?
A section of a chromosome made from DNA that possesses the code to make a protein
What is messenger RNA?
A chain of bases that makes an inverted copy of a gene’s worth of DNA during transcription
What is transfer RNA?
A molecule that lines up with every three bases of mRNA to bring an amino acid to make a protein during translocation
What is transcription?
The process of making mRNA copy of a gene sequence of DNA
What is translation?
The assembly of a polypeptide chain using tRNA in the ribosome
