Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology LC some in chem > The Human Digestive System > Flashcards

The Human Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Herbivores e.g.

A

Animals that feed only on plants e.g. rabbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carnivores e.g.

A

Animals that feed on other animals e.g. fox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Omnivores e.g.

A

Animals that feed on plants and animals e.g. badger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is there a need for digestion?

A

To break down large food particles until they are small enough to pass into body cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is there a need for a digestive system?

A

Food can be digested in a single location. Individual cells do not have to contain a full range of digestive enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ingestion

A

Food is taken into the alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Digestion

A

The physical and chemical breakdown of food into soluble particles small enough to pass into body cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of digested material from the alimentary canal into the blood system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of unabsorbed material as faeces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nutrition

A

The way an organism obtains and uses it’s food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Autotrophic

A

A type of nutrition where organism make its own food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heterotrophic

A

A type of nutrition where organism cannot make its own food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the human dental formula?

A

The number of each type of tooth in the upper jaw one side of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do symbiotic bacteria function?

A

The large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What types of mechanical digestion are used to breakdown food?

A
  1. Teeth 2. Contractions in the stomach wall 3. Peristalsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation in the wall of the alimentary canal causing the food to move along the canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the different types of teeth

A

Incisors, Canines, Pre molars, Molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Incisors

A

Cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Canines

A

Tearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pre molars

A

Crushing and grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Molars

A

Crushing and grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give the human dental formula

A

i 2/2 c 1/1 pm 2/2 m 3/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the parts of the human digestive system

A

Mouth, Salivary Gland, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Bile duct, Small intestine (Duodenum, Ileum), Large intestine (Colon, Caecum, Appendix, Rectum, Anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

A muscular tube 25cm long that connects the pharynx to the stomach that food moves down by peristalsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What connects the pharynx to the stomach?

A

The oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does food move down the oesophagus?

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A J-shaped muscular bag which stores and digests food for about four hours and churns and mixes food with gastric juice forming Chyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the shape of the stomach?

A

J-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

It stores and digests food for about four hours and churns and mixes food with gastric juice forming Chyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the stomach mix with food and what does this create?

A

gastric juice, Chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the two types of digestion in the stomach?

A

Mechanical and Chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Peristalsis physically breaks up food particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How does chemical digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Chemical digestion occurs using gastric juice containing mucus, HCl and pepsinogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does gastric juice contain?

A

Mucus, HCl and pepsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the functions of gastric juice?

A

Mucus lines and protects the stomach wall, HCl kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen and pepsinogen is converted to the active enzyme Pepsin by HCl. Pepsin digests protein to peptides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is Pepsin and what does it do?

A

Pepsin in an active enzyme that digests protein to peptides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What and where is the cardiac sphincter muscle?

A

A circular muscle which contracts to close entry from the oesophagus to the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What and where is the pyloric sphincter muscle?

A

A circular muscle which contracts to close the entry from the duodenum to the stomach. (open when relaxed)

39
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

A muscular tube 5-6m long that carries out digestion and absorption. It has three parts, the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.

40
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

A muscular tube 5-6m long that carries out digestion and absorption. It has three parts, the duodenum and the jejuneum/ileum.

41
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A

digestion and absorption

42
Q

What are the two parts of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum and the jejuneum/ileum

43
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

A 25cm muscular tube where most digestion takes place.

44
Q

What is the Jejuneum/Ileum?

A

A long tube that absorbs nutrients and contains villi.

45
Q

What is the Ileum also known as?

A

The Jejuneum

46
Q

What is the function of the Jejuneum/Ileum?

A

To absorb nutrients

47
Q

How has the Jejuneum/Ileum adapted to allow for absorption?

A
  1. It is a long tube which allows time for absorption to take place.
  2. It contains villi which are infoldings which increase the surface area available for the absorption of food.
48
Q

What are villi and what are their function?

A

Infoldings in the lining of the small intestine which increase surface area for absorption of digested food.

49
Q

What is the singular of villi?

A

Villus

50
Q

Where is a lacteal and what is it’s function?

A

In a villus. To absorb fatty acids and glycerol.

51
Q

What is absorbed into the blood in the villus?

A

All digested food except fatty acids and glycerol.

52
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine (colon)?

A

To reabsorb water, produce B group vitamins and digest cellulose.

53
Q

What produces B group vitamins and digests cellulose in the large intestine?

A

Symbiotic bacteria

54
Q

What is the function of the caecum?

A

It is vestigial - has lost it’s former use and therefore it’s function is unknown to humans

55
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

It is vestigial - has lost it’s former use and therefore it’s function is unknown to humans

56
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

To store faeces

57
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

The liver produces bile

58
Q

What is bile?

A

A yellow-green liquid

59
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

The gall bladder

60
Q

Where does bile enter the duodenum through?

A

The bile duct

61
Q

What does bile consist of?

A

Water, bile salts and bile pigments

62
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

It emulsifies fat which increases the surface area of the fat droplets. It also neutralises the acidic chyme from the stomach.

63
Q

What are the benefits of dietry fibre

A

Fibre stimulates peristalsis in the colon and helps to prevent constipation

64
Q

How does constipation occur?

A

When undigested material passes through the colon too slowly. This leads to too much water being reabsorbed.

65
Q

What are the benefits of dietry fibre?

A

Fibre stimulates peristalsis in the colon and helps to prevent constipation

66
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts

67
Q

What are the three enzymes involved in digestion?

A

Amylase, Pepsin and Lipase

68
Q

What is the role of salivary amylase?

A

To digest starch

69
Q

Where is the production site of salivary amylase?

A

The salivary glands

70
Q

Where does salivary amylase work?

A

In the mouth

71
Q

What is the pH in the mouth, where salivary amylase works?

A

Alkaline, pH = 8

72
Q

What is the digestion product of salivary amylase?

A

Maltose

73
Q

What is the role of pepsin?

A

To digest protein

74
Q

Where is the production site of pepsin?

A

Gastric glands in the stomach wall

75
Q

Where does pepsin act?

A

The stomach

76
Q

What is the pH in the stomach, where pepsin act?

A

Acid, pH = 2

77
Q

What is the digestion product of pepsin?

A

Peptides

78
Q

What is the role of lipase?

A

To digest fat

79
Q

Where is the production site of lipase?

A

The pancreas

80
Q

Where does lipase act?

A

The dudenum

81
Q

What is the digestion product of lipase?

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol

82
Q

What parts make up the large intestine?

A

Caecum, Colon, Appendix, Rectum, Anus

83
Q

What is the definition of a balanced diet?

A

Taking the correct amounts of all the essential nutrients in the diet e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, vitamins, minerals, water

84
Q

How is a balanced diet achieved?

A

Eating a variety of foods and eating each food type in moderation

85
Q

What does the amount of food required by someone depend on?

A

Age - young adults need more than older individuals
Gender - Males need more than females
Activity - More active individuals need more than less active individuals

86
Q

How many food groups are there and what are they?

A

5 - Breads and cereals, Fruit and vegetables, Meat fish and poultry, Milk and milk products, Fats oils and alcohol

87
Q

Draw a food pyramid

A

.

88
Q

How many daily food portions of oils fats and alcohol should and adult eat?

A

Very few

89
Q

How many daily food portions of milk products should an adult eat?

A

2-3

90
Q

How many daily food portions of meat, fish and poultry should an adult eat?

A

2-3

91
Q

How many daily food portions of fruit should an adult eat?

A

3-5

92
Q

How many daily food portions of vegetables should an adult eat?

A

3-5

93
Q

How many daily food portions of cereals, breads and potatoes should an adult eat?

A

6-11

Biology LC some in chem (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions