The Human Body: An Orientation

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Standard body position used to avoid confusion
Standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms forward, fingers pointing down, feet forward - parallel and flat

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Smallest unit of matter that has its own distinctive set of properties

Question 4

Cardiovascular System

Answer 4

Distributes blood to all parts of the body
Heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

Basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 6

Control Center

Answer 6

Determines set point
Analyzes information
Determines appropriate response
Sends signals to effectors along efferent pathway

Question 7

Diaphragm

Answer 7

A muscle the separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 8

Digestive System

Answer 8

Processes food into absorbable units and eliminates indigestible waste
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, accessory organs

Question 9

Effector

Answer 9

Responds to signal from control center and brings variable back to set point

Question 10

Endocrine System

Answer 10

Regulate growth, reproductive system, and metabolism
Glands that secrete hormones - adrenal gland, thyroid

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 12

Integumentary System

Answer 12

Protective covering, synthesizes Vitamin D, sensory receptors, temperature regulation
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glans

Question 13

Lymphatic System

Answer 13

Transports tissue fluid back to bloodstream; involved in immunity
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic organs

Question 14

Muscular System

Answer 14

Movement, body posture, produces heat

Question 15

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 15

Effector responds to bring variable back to the set point value
Most common mechanism used to control homeostasis

Question 16

Nervous System

Answer 16

Responds to internal and external changes
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Question 17

Normal Body Temperature

Answer 17

98.6

Question 18

Organ

Answer 18

Structure composed of two or more tissue types

Question 19

Organ System

Answer 19

Group of organs that work together to accomplish a common function

Question 20

Organism

Answer 20

An individual living thing

Question 21

Physiology

Answer 21

Study of how the body and its parts function or work

Question 22

Plane

Answer 22

Sections and cuts along imaginary lines

Question 23

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 23

Promotes further change from the set point

Question 24

Receptor

Answer 24

Sends information to control center along afferent pathway
Responds to changes in environment

Question 25

Reproductive System

Answer 25

Produce offspring
Male - testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system
Female - ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva

Question 26

Respiratory System

Answer 26

Move air in and out of lungs, bring O2 into lungs and remove CO2 from body
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 27

Skeletal System

Answer 27

Framework, protects soft organs, muscle attachment sites, hematopoiesis
Bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments

Question 28

Tissues

Answer 28

Group of smaller cells that unite to perform a particular function

Question 29

Urinary System

Answer 29

Eliminates nitrogen containing wastes, maintains body PH, regulates water and electrolyte concentrations
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 30

Levels of organization

Answer 30

Simple to complex: chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

Question 31

Anterior

Answer 31

Front

Question 32

Deep

Answer 32

Away from the surface

Question 33

Distal

Answer 33

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 34

Inferior

Answer 34

Below

Question 35

Intermediate

Answer 35

Between two structures

Question 36

Lateral

Answer 36

Away from the midline of the body

Question 37

Medial

Answer 37

Toward or at the midline of the body

Question 38

Posterior

Answer 38

Back, behind

Question 39

Proximal

Answer 39

Close to the origin of the body or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 40

Superficial

Answer 40

On the surface

Question 41

Superior

Answer 41

Above, towards the head

Question 42

Organelle

Answer 42

Specialized structures within a cell that carry out specific activities

Question 43

Control System

Answer 43

Receptor - responds to stimulus and sends information to control center along afferent pathway
Control Center
Effector - responds to signal and bring variable back to set point

Question 44

Median (midsagittal) Section

Answer 44

Equal left and right parts

Question 45

Parasagittal Section

Answer 45

Unequal left and right parts

Question 46

Frontal Section

Answer 46

Anterior and posterior parts

Question 47

Transverse Section

Answer 47

Superior and inferior parts

Question 48

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 48

Cranial
Spinal

Question 49

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 49

Abdominal
Abdominopelvic
Mediastinum
Pelvic
Thoracic

Question 50

Homeostatic imbalance

Answer 50

A disturbance in homeostasis that results in disease