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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Study Guide - Lecture Test 4 > Flashcards

Study Guide - Lecture Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What sensory neurons carry sensory info?

A

Afferent

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2
Q

What region of the brain regulates body temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum?

A

Cerebral cortex

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4
Q

What structure is formed when anterior and posterior roots come together?

A

Spinal nerve

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5
Q

What is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What are cells that have a receptor for a specific hormone?

A

Target cells

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7
Q

What is cerebral spinal fluid resorbed by?

A

Arachnoid villi

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8
Q

What occurs during repolarization?

A

Potassium channels open and potassium leaves cell

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9
Q

What is the function of an interneuron?

A

Connect neurons in CNS

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10
Q

What are the divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathic

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11
Q

What are the regions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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12
Q

What is the membrane potential at which an action potential is generate?

A

Threshold potential

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13
Q

What are the structures of the PNS?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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14
Q

What is the outermost meningeal layer?

A

Dura mater

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15
Q

What cells provide physical support and nutrients to neurons in CNS?

A

Neuroglia

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16
Q

What is the function of myelin sheath?

A

Insulates axon so action potential is faster

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17
Q

What brain region helps maintain posture, balance and equilibrium?

A

Cerebellum

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18
Q

What are the parts of the somatic reflex?

A

Receptor, neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ

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19
Q

What kind of stimulation will decrease heart rate?

A

Parasympathic NS

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20
Q

What is the white matter of the brain primarily made of?

A

Myelinated axons

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21
Q

What is the structural/functional unit of NS?

A

Neuron

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22
Q

What internal structure connects cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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23
Q

What cells form myelin sheath in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

What is the space between the meninges surrounding the spinal cord and the vertebrae?

A

Epidural space

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25
Q

What is the functional connection between a neuron and another cell called?

A

Synapse

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26
Q

What structure conducts signal away from the cell body?

A

Axon

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27
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

Synaptic vesicles

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28
Q

What happens if the parietal lobe is destoyed?

A

No longer receive sensations from the right side of the body

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29
Q

What connective tissue bundles axons into fascicles found in a nerve?

A

Perineurium

30
Q

How many axons are on a bipolar neuron?

A

1

31
Q

The longitudinal fissure divides what into right and left hemispheres?

A

Cerebrum

32
Q

What branch of the skeletal system stimulates skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic nervous system

33
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

First lumbar vertebra

34
Q

What does the ANS regulate?

A

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

35
Q

What is the white of the eye?

A

Sclera

36
Q

What does sour taste repond to in food?

A

Hydrogen ions

37
Q

What biconcave structure focues light

A

Lens

38
Q

Where are the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea located?

A

Temporal bone

39
Q

What are the receptors for color?

A

Cones

40
Q

What moves when there is sound waves in the external acoustic meatus?

A

Tympanic membrane

41
Q

What is the receptors for hearing?

A

Cochlea

42
Q

What gland releases tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

43
Q

What controls digestion defecation and diuresis?

A

Parasympathic NS

44
Q

What hormone stimulates the liver to release glucose?

A

Glucagon

45
Q

What is humoral stimulation?

A

Blood levels of a nutrient stimulates release of a hormone

46
Q

What is a chemical messenger of NS?

A

Neurotransmitter

47
Q

What hormone stimulates liver, skeletal muscle and adipose cells to remove glucose from blood?

A

Insulin

48
Q

What hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreas?

A

Insulin

49
Q

What part of the retina lacks rods and cones and does not detect images?

A

Optic disc

50
Q

What hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

51
Q

What class of hormones activates enzymes present within the cytoplasm in order to change cellular metabolism?

A

Protein

52
Q

What stimulates sperm production?

A

Follicle Stimulation Hormone

53
Q

What increases reabsorpotion?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

54
Q

What stimulates growth and development?

A

Growth hormone

55
Q

What stimulates metabolism?

A

Thyroid hormone

56
Q

What increases blood sugar levels?

A

Cortisol

57
Q

What lines the cavities of the brain and spinal cord?

A

ependymal cells

58
Q

What protects nueron cell bodies in ganglia?

A

satellite cells

59
Q

What form myelin sheath around axons in PNS?

A

Schwann cells

60
Q

What part of the brain controls hearing and smell?

A

Temporal lobe

61
Q

What part of the brain controls breathing, BP, and HR?

A

Medulla

62
Q

What part of the brain initiates voluntary muscle movement?

A

Frontal lobe

63
Q

What part of the brain is a relay station for sensory information?

A

Thalamus

64
Q

What hormone does the posterior pituitary gland produce?

A

Oxytocin

65
Q

What hormone do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

66
Q

What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

A

Growth hormone

67
Q

Which concentration gradient contributes to the resting membrane potential of a cell?

A

Gradients for sodium and potassium

68
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

69
Q

Where is action potential first developed?

A

Trigger zone

70
Q

What is the process to release a neurotrasmitter?

A

Exocytosis

Human Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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