Study Guide - Lecture Test 4 Flashcards
What sensory neurons carry sensory info?
Afferent
What region of the brain regulates body temperature?
Hypothalamus
What is the gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum?
Cerebral cortex
What structure is formed when anterior and posterior roots come together?
Spinal nerve
What is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS?
Nucleus
What are cells that have a receptor for a specific hormone?
Target cells
What is cerebral spinal fluid resorbed by?
Arachnoid villi
What occurs during repolarization?
Potassium channels open and potassium leaves cell
What is the function of an interneuron?
Connect neurons in CNS
What are the divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic and parasympathic
What are the regions of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What is the membrane potential at which an action potential is generate?
Threshold potential
What are the structures of the PNS?
Cranial and spinal nerves
What is the outermost meningeal layer?
Dura mater
What cells provide physical support and nutrients to neurons in CNS?
Neuroglia
What is the function of myelin sheath?
Insulates axon so action potential is faster
What brain region helps maintain posture, balance and equilibrium?
Cerebellum
What are the parts of the somatic reflex?
Receptor, neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ
What kind of stimulation will decrease heart rate?
Parasympathic NS
What is the white matter of the brain primarily made of?
Myelinated axons
What is the structural/functional unit of NS?
Neuron
What internal structure connects cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
What cells form myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the space between the meninges surrounding the spinal cord and the vertebrae?
Epidural space
What is the functional connection between a neuron and another cell called?
Synapse
What structure conducts signal away from the cell body?
Axon
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Synaptic vesicles
What happens if the parietal lobe is destoyed?
No longer receive sensations from the right side of the body
What connective tissue bundles axons into fascicles found in a nerve?
Perineurium
How many axons are on a bipolar neuron?
1
The longitudinal fissure divides what into right and left hemispheres?
Cerebrum
What branch of the skeletal system stimulates skeletal muscle?
Somatic nervous system
Where does the spinal cord end?
First lumbar vertebra
What does the ANS regulate?
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
What is the white of the eye?
Sclera
What does sour taste repond to in food?
Hydrogen ions
What biconcave structure focues light
Lens
Where are the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea located?
Temporal bone
What are the receptors for color?
Cones
What moves when there is sound waves in the external acoustic meatus?
Tympanic membrane
What is the receptors for hearing?
Cochlea
What gland releases tears?
Lacrimal gland
What controls digestion defecation and diuresis?
Parasympathic NS
What hormone stimulates the liver to release glucose?
Glucagon
What is humoral stimulation?
Blood levels of a nutrient stimulates release of a hormone
What is a chemical messenger of NS?
Neurotransmitter
What hormone stimulates liver, skeletal muscle and adipose cells to remove glucose from blood?
Insulin
What hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreas?
Insulin
What part of the retina lacks rods and cones and does not detect images?
Optic disc
What hormone stimulates milk production?
Prolactin
What class of hormones activates enzymes present within the cytoplasm in order to change cellular metabolism?
Protein
What stimulates sperm production?
Follicle Stimulation Hormone
What increases reabsorpotion?
Antidiuretic hormone
What stimulates growth and development?
Growth hormone
What stimulates metabolism?
Thyroid hormone
What increases blood sugar levels?
Cortisol
What lines the cavities of the brain and spinal cord?
ependymal cells
What protects nueron cell bodies in ganglia?
satellite cells
What form myelin sheath around axons in PNS?
Schwann cells
What part of the brain controls hearing and smell?
Temporal lobe
What part of the brain controls breathing, BP, and HR?
Medulla
What part of the brain initiates voluntary muscle movement?
Frontal lobe
What part of the brain is a relay station for sensory information?
Thalamus
What hormone does the posterior pituitary gland produce?
Oxytocin
What hormone do the testes produce?
Testosterone
What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland produce?
Growth hormone
Which concentration gradient contributes to the resting membrane potential of a cell?
Gradients for sodium and potassium
What is the CNS composed of?
Brain and spinal cord
Where is action potential first developed?
Trigger zone
What is the process to release a neurotrasmitter?
Exocytosis
