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Human Structure and Function > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The scientific discipline of body parts and how they relate to each other; systems, organs, tissues, positions, locations etc

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2
Q

levels of anatomy

A

gross anatomy, surface anatomy, microscopic, developmental

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

A

without the aid of a microscope; systemic, regional

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4
Q

Gross anatomy - systemic

A

system by system

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5
Q

Gross anatomy - regional

A

area by area; arm - muscle, nerves, tissue, blood supply

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6
Q

Surface anatomy

A

external forms and its relation to deeper structures; surface landmarks indicate deeper lying structures (eg. the sterum and ribs indicate where the heart is)

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Structures can only be seen with the aid of a microscope; cytology, histology

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8
Q

Cystology

A

cells and fluid

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9
Q

Histology

A

study of tissue and the cells that make up the tissue

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10
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Structural changes that occur in the body through the lifespan of an organism

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11
Q

Define physiology

A

the study of the function of living things (how the structures work)

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12
Q

Physiology vs anatomy

A

How the structures work vs ‘static structures’

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13
Q

Levels of physiology

A
  1. molecular
  2. cellular
  3. systemic
  4. neurophysiology
  5. renal
  6. cardiovascular
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14
Q

Molecular physiology

A

proteins, channels and receptors on the cell membrane

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15
Q

Cellular physiology

A

cells interacting and communicating with each other

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16
Q

Systemic physiology

A

cells and tissues of organs in body tissues

17
Q

Neurophysiology

A

physiology of the nervous system

18
Q

Renal physiology

A

kidney and urinary system

19
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

heart, blood vessels

20
Q

Organisation of the human body

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system
  6. organism level
21
Q

Chemical level of organisation

A

atoms combine to form molecules (DNA, RNA, water)

22
Q

Cellular level of organisation

A

molecules combine to form organelles of a cell (basic structural unit)

23
Q

Tissue level of organisation

A

numerous cells make up tissue (groups of similar cells working towards a similar function)

24
Q

Organ level of organisation

A

tissues form an organ (which contains multiple types of tissue)

Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue

25
Q

Organ system organisation

A

One or more organs making up a system; Nervous system - brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

26
Q

Organism level of organisation

A

eg. urinary system constitutes one system making up an organism

27
Q

Characteristics of an organism

A
  1. organisation
  2. metabolism
  3. responsiveness
  4. growth
  5. development
  6. reproduction
28
Q

Characteristics of an organism - organisation

A

Relationship between specific parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions;
Thousands of muscle cells = smooth muscle tissue = wall of urinary bladder (epithelial tissue, connective tissue)

29
Q

Characteristics of an organism - metabolism

A

Chemical reactions taking place in an organism

30
Q

Characteristics of an organism - responsiveness

A

Ability to sense changes in environment and respond to these changes (homeostasis)

31
Q

Characteristics of an organism - growth

A

Increase in the size and number of cells

32
Q

Characteristics of an organism - development

A

Changes undergone through time; puberty

33
Q

Characteristics of an organism - reproduction

A

Formation of new cells/organism

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Still maintained with minor fluctuations (dynamic equilibrium)
Failure of homeostatic mechanisms results in disease/death

35
Q

Set point of body temperature

A

37

36
Q

Set point of blood

A

pH 7.4

Human Structure and Function (18 decks)

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