The Human Body

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The scientific discipline of body parts and how they relate to each other; systems, organs, tissues, positions, locations etc

Question 2

levels of anatomy

Answer 2

gross anatomy, surface anatomy, microscopic, developmental

Question 3

Gross anatomy

Answer 3

without the aid of a microscope; systemic, regional

Question 4

Gross anatomy - systemic

Answer 4

system by system

Question 5

Gross anatomy - regional

Answer 5

area by area; arm - muscle, nerves, tissue, blood supply

Question 6

Surface anatomy

Answer 6

external forms and its relation to deeper structures; surface landmarks indicate deeper lying structures (eg. the sterum and ribs indicate where the heart is)

Question 7

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 7

Structures can only be seen with the aid of a microscope; cytology, histology

Question 8

Cystology

Answer 8

cells and fluid

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

study of tissue and the cells that make up the tissue

Question 10

Developmental anatomy

Answer 10

Structural changes that occur in the body through the lifespan of an organism

Question 11

Define physiology

Answer 11

the study of the function of living things (how the structures work)

Question 12

Physiology vs anatomy

Answer 12

How the structures work vs ‘static structures’

Question 13

Levels of physiology

Answer 13

1. molecular
2. cellular
3. systemic
4. neurophysiology
5. renal
6. cardiovascular

Question 14

Molecular physiology

Answer 14

proteins, channels and receptors on the cell membrane

Question 15

Cellular physiology

Answer 15

cells interacting and communicating with each other

Question 16

Systemic physiology

Answer 16

cells and tissues of organs in body tissues

Question 17

Neurophysiology

Answer 17

physiology of the nervous system

Question 18

Renal physiology

Answer 18

kidney and urinary system

Question 19

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 19

heart, blood vessels

Question 20

Organisation of the human body

Answer 20

1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system
6. organism level

Question 21

Chemical level of organisation

Answer 21

atoms combine to form molecules (DNA, RNA, water)

Question 22

Cellular level of organisation

Answer 22

molecules combine to form organelles of a cell (basic structural unit)

Question 23

Tissue level of organisation

Answer 23

numerous cells make up tissue (groups of similar cells working towards a similar function)

Question 24

Organ level of organisation

Answer 24

tissues form an organ (which contains multiple types of tissue)

Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue

Question 25

Organ system organisation

Answer 25

One or more organs making up a system; Nervous system - brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Question 26

Organism level of organisation

Answer 26

eg. urinary system constitutes one system making up an organism

Question 27

Characteristics of an organism

Answer 27

1. organisation 2. metabolism 3. responsiveness 4. growth 5. development 6. reproduction

Question 28

Characteristics of an organism - organisation

Answer 28

Relationship between specific parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions; Thousands of muscle cells = smooth muscle tissue = wall of urinary bladder (epithelial tissue, connective tissue)

Question 29

Characteristics of an organism - metabolism

Answer 29

Chemical reactions taking place in an organism

Question 30

Characteristics of an organism - responsiveness

Answer 30

Ability to sense changes in environment and respond to these changes (homeostasis)

Question 31

Characteristics of an organism - growth

Answer 31

Increase in the size and number of cells

Question 32

Characteristics of an organism - development

Answer 32

Changes undergone through time; puberty

Question 33

Characteristics of an organism - reproduction

Answer 33

Formation of new cells/organism

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment Still maintained with minor fluctuations (dynamic equilibrium) Failure of homeostatic mechanisms results in disease/death

Question 35

Set point of body temperature

Answer 35

37

Question 36

Set point of blood

Answer 36

pH 7.4