The Homologous Series and consumer products

Question 1

What is the general formula for the alkanes

Answer 1

Cn H 2n +2

Question 2

What is the general formula for the alkenes

Answer 2

CnH2n

Question 3

What is the general formula for the cycloalkanes

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

What is the general formula for the carboxylic acids

Answer 4

CnH2n+1 c00H

Question 5

What is the general formula for the alcohols

Answer 5

CnH2n+10H

Question 6

Alkanes and alkenes have ….. melting and boiling points.

Explain why.

Answer 6

Increasing
As the Alkane molecules get bigger, the forces of attraction between the molecules will be greater than in the smaller alkanes. So more energy is needed to overcome these forces.

Question 7

What reactions do alkanes take part in

Answer 7

Combustion

Question 8

What is the definition of a isomer

Answer 8

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Question 9

What is another name for an addition reaction and give an example

Answer 9

Hydrogenation - turning a alkene into a alkane

Question 10

State 3 uses of carboxylique acids

Answer 10

1. Cleaning
2. Food preservation
3. Soaps

Question 11

State 4 uses of alcohols

Answer 11

Perfume
Antiseptic
Rubbing alcohol
Drinking

Question 12

What alcohols are soluble/missable

Answer 12

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol

Question 13

What ph does alcohol have

Answer 13

7

Question 14

What is different about an isomer

Answer 14

Physical properties
Full structural formula
Shortened structural formula

Question 15

What substance is formed when there is an incomplete combustion of an alkane

Answer 15

Carbon monoxide

Question 16

What is the general work equation for the combustion equations

Answer 16

feul + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 17

Carboxylique acids + metal oxides →

Answer 17

Salt + water

Question 18

Carboxylic acids + metal hydroxide →

Answer 18

Salt + water

Question 19

Carboxylic acids + metal carbonate →

Answer 19

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 20

Carboxylic acid + metal →

Answer 20

Salt + hydrogen

Question 21

What are the 2 processes for making alcohols.

Answer 21

Fermentation and hydration of alkanes

Question 22

Alcohols burn ….. and with a ……. flame

Answer 22

Easily and with a clean flame

Question 23

Why are carboxylique acids weak acids?

Answer 23

This is because they only partly dissociates. Whereas if it completely dissociates it would be a strong acid.

Question 24

What are the 4 points for getting full marks in a open ended question?

Answer 24

• balanced symbol equation
• diagrams ( of equipment)
• full structural formula
• include made up data

Question 25

As alcohols get bigger, flammability…….

Answer 25

Decreases.

Methanol is the most flammable

Question 26

What reaction is

Alkene + hydrogen → alkane

Answer 26

Addition

Question 27

What reaction is

Alkene → alcohol

Answer 27

Hydration

Question 28

What are they isomers of?
Alkenes -
Alkanes -

Answer 28

Alkenes - cycloalkanes

Alkanes - branched alkanes

Question 29

What is a test for CO2?

What will happen to the compound

Answer 29

Gas bubbled through Lime water

Turn cloudy

Question 30

What is a test for H2O?

Answer 30

• boiling point of 100
• freeze at 0
• cobalt chloride paper ( blue → pink)
• anhydrous copper sulfate (white → blue)

Question 31

What is lime water made of?

When it reacts with carbon dioxide what will it make?

Answer 31

Calcium hydroxide

Calcium carbonate

Question 32

What is a test for oxygen

Answer 32

Combustion reaction

If oxygen is in a test tube a glowing splint delights when held inside.

Question 33

What is a test for hydrogen

Answer 33

Hold a lighted splint in a hydrogen filled test tube and you should hear a squeaky pop.