The Homologous Series and consumer products Flashcards
What is the general formula for the alkanes
Cn H 2n +2
What is the general formula for the alkenes
CnH2n
What is the general formula for the cycloalkanes
CnH2n
What is the general formula for the carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1 c00H
What is the general formula for the alcohols
CnH2n+10H
Alkanes and alkenes have ….. melting and boiling points.
Explain why.
Increasing
As the Alkane molecules get bigger, the forces of attraction between the molecules will be greater than in the smaller alkanes. So more energy is needed to overcome these forces.
What reactions do alkanes take part in
Combustion
What is the definition of a isomer
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What is another name for an addition reaction and give an example
Hydrogenation - turning a alkene into a alkane
State 3 uses of carboxylique acids
- Cleaning
- Food preservation
- Soaps
State 4 uses of alcohols
Perfume
Antiseptic
Rubbing alcohol
Drinking
What alcohols are soluble/missable
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
What ph does alcohol have
7
What is different about an isomer
Physical properties
Full structural formula
Shortened structural formula
What substance is formed when there is an incomplete combustion of an alkane
Carbon monoxide
What is the general work equation for the combustion equations
feul + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Carboxylique acids + metal oxides →
Salt + water
Carboxylic acids + metal hydroxide →
Salt + water
Carboxylic acids + metal carbonate →
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Carboxylic acid + metal →
Salt + hydrogen
What are the 2 processes for making alcohols.
Fermentation and hydration of alkanes
Alcohols burn ….. and with a ……. flame
Easily and with a clean flame
Why are carboxylique acids weak acids?
This is because they only partly dissociates. Whereas if it completely dissociates it would be a strong acid.
What are the 4 points for getting full marks in a open ended question?
- balanced symbol equation
- diagrams ( of equipment)
- full structural formula
- include made up data
As alcohols get bigger, flammability…….
Decreases.
Methanol is the most flammable
What reaction is
Alkene + hydrogen → alkane
Addition
What reaction is
Alkene → alcohol
Hydration
What are they isomers of?
Alkenes -
Alkanes -
Alkenes - cycloalkanes
Alkanes - branched alkanes
What is a test for CO2?
What will happen to the compound
Gas bubbled through Lime water
Turn cloudy
What is a test for H2O?
- boiling point of 100
- freeze at 0
- cobalt chloride paper ( blue → pink)
- anhydrous copper sulfate (white → blue)
What is lime water made of?
When it reacts with carbon dioxide what will it make?
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium carbonate
What is a test for oxygen
Combustion reaction
If oxygen is in a test tube a glowing splint delights when held inside.
What is a test for hydrogen
Hold a lighted splint in a hydrogen filled test tube and you should hear a squeaky pop.
