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Biology > The History of Life > Flashcards

The History of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is radiometric dating?

A

Comparing the abundance of the naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products

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2
Q

Why might future archaeologists have trouble using carbn dating?

A

C-14 in the atmosphere is increasing, because of pollution, climate change, greenhouse gases and human activities.

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3
Q

What is more accurate for building a phylogenetic tree: DNA data or morphological data?

A

DNA data

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4
Q

What is a fossil?

A

Any preserved trace of an organism that lived in the past

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5
Q

What is per-mineralization?

A

buried remains turn to rock

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6
Q

What is the best conditions for fossilization?

A

Low oxygen and rapid burial

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7
Q

In which of the following habitats would you most expect a fossil to form?

A

Desert or bog

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8
Q

Which of the following organisms would most likely be found in the fossil record? A common worm, a rare worm, a common squirrel, or a rare squirrel?

A

A common squirrel

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9
Q

Whta is macroevolution?

A

Higher levels of taxonomic organization

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10
Q

What is the rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor?

A

Adaptive radiation

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11
Q

What is ecological opportunity?

A

Availability of new types of resources, when habitats are unoccupied by competitors

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12
Q

What is the effect of developmental genes?

A

The changes in sequencing or expression can change body form

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13
Q

What is heterochrony?

A

evolutionary change in rate or timing of developmental events

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14
Q

What is one type of heterochrony? What is it?

A

Paedomorphosis - where rate of reproductive development accelerates compared with somatic development i.e., sexually mature while maintaining juvenile characteristics (in other species)

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15
Q

What are changes in spatial patterns?

A

Alteration of genes that control placement and organization of body parts

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16
Q

What is the purpose of homeotic genes? What happens when the expression or sequence of these genes is changed?

A

Homeotic genes determine the placement of features and changes in expression or sequence of these genes cause substantial evolutionary change.

17
Q

What is evolutionary developmental biology?

A

evolution of morphological innovations

18
Q

What is Pax6 gene considered as?

A

The master control gene for eye development in all seeing animals studied so far

19
Q

What results when pax6 gene from Drosophila is put in mouse?

A

Normal mice eyes

20
Q

What is adaptation?

A

trait that makes an organism better suited for its environment

21
Q

What is exaptation?

A

structures originally evolved for one function, but are repurposed for another function

22
Q

What is a clade?

A

A clade includes an ancestor and all of its descendants

Biology (14 decks)

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