Inside the Cell Flashcards
What are proteins made of?
Amino acid chains
What are the functions of proteins? (HINT: SSTEMD)
Speeding up (catalyzing) chemical reactions, structural support, transport, movement, defense against foreign substances.
What are organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups called?
Amino acids
What is the cause of the difference in properties in amino acids?
Difference in side chains called R groups.
What is happening in a sickle cell anemia?
Glutamic acid, a hydrophilic acid, is substituted with a valine which is a hydrophobic amino acid chain.
Sickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene that changed a charged amino acid (glutamic acid) to a hydrophobic amino acid (valine). Where in the protein would you expect a glutamic acid?
On the exterior surface of the protein since glutamic acid is hydrophilic.
Fill in the blank. Nucleic acids are polymers called ____. Each _____ is made of monomers called ______.
Polynucleotides, polynucleotides, nucleotides.
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is the purpose of DNA?
It provides directions for its own replication.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic has membrane-bound nucleus, unlike prokaryotic cells
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Regulate entry and exit of molecules from nucleus.
What maintains the shape of the nucleus?
Nuclear lamina
What is the shipping and receiving centre inside the cell?
Golgi apparatus
According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following organelles were once endosymbiotic prokaryotic organisms?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
State the endosymbiotic theory.
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
