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PHTH 517 - Ortho Midterm LE > The Hip Overview > Flashcards

The Hip Overview Flashcards

1
Q

How many degrees of freedom is in the hip?

A

3 degrees of freedom with 6 osteokinematic movements

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, IR, ER

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2
Q

What is a capsular pattern?

A

A joint specific pattern of restriction of PROM which indicates capsular tightness

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3
Q

What is the position of capsular restriction?

A

flexion
abduction
medial rotation (IR)

If stabiize the pelvic bone (?) more extension and medial rotation

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4
Q

What is the closed pack position of the hip?

A

Extension
Medial rotation
Abduction-adduction (?)

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5
Q

What is the open pack position of the hip?

A

Flexion
External rotation
- max surface contact

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6
Q

What is the anatomical characterisitics of the hip?

A

Has 4 bones that makes it symbiotic with innominate

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7
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

congruent joint - ball and socket
- making it a slide and glide movements

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8
Q

What is the function of the hip?

A

Mobility and stability
Transmission of forces between the pelvis and LE

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9
Q

How much force is needed to dislocate the hip?

A

400 newton pounds :0

That’s ALOT BROTHER

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10
Q

What are the primary blood supply of the femoral head?

A
  • ligamentum teres
  • circumflex arteries
  • superior and inferior gluteal arteries
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11
Q

What is the function of the labrum?

A

a fibrocartilaginous tissue that is meant for:
- cushion
- slide and glide

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12
Q

What are the anterior ligaments?

A

Iliofemoral (Y)
Pubofemoral

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13
Q

What are the posterior ligaments?

A

Ischiofemoral
Ligametum teres

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14
Q

What does the ligamentum teres assist with?

A

90 degree flexion that helps with IR/ER

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15
Q

What are the two types of muscles in the body?

A

Stabilizers and movers

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16
Q

What are the primary stabilizers

A

Hip rotators and psoas

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17
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A

Iliacus
TFL
Rec fem
Sartorius
adductor longus
pectineus

Assistance from:
- gracilis
- adductor brevis
- anterior glute min

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18
Q

What are the extensors of the hip?

A

Glute max
Hammies
Posterior adductor magnus

Assistance from:
- glute med

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19
Q

What are muscles of abduction?

A

Glute med
TFL
Superior glute max
Glute min

Assistance from:
- sartorius
- rec fem
- piriformis at 90 deg

20
Q

What are the muscles of adductors?

A

Adductor group
pectineus
gracilis
pectineus

Assistance from:
- obturator externus

21
Q

What are the muscles of medial rotators?

A

NO PURE ROTATORS
but
TFL
Glute min
Anterior fibers of glutee med
Adductor group
Semimembranosus/tendinosus

22
Q

What are the muscles of lateral rotators?

A

Obturator interior/exterior
Gemeli
Quad fem
piriformis
glute max
posterior fibers of glute med
bicep femoris

Bolded = stabilizers

23
Q

What is the flexion ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM = 110-120

End feel: tissue approximation/tissue stretch

24
Q

What is the extension ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM: 10-15

End-feel: Tissue stretch

25
Q

What is the abduction ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM: 30-50

End-feel: tissue stretch

26
Q

What is the adduction ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM: 25-30

End-feel: tissue approximation and tissue stretch

27
Q

What is the ER ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM: 40-60

End-feel: tissue stretch

28
Q

What is the IR ROM and end-feel?

A

ROM: 30-40

End-feel: tissue stretch

29
Q

What are some of the functional ROM at the hip?

A
30
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

the angle between the shaft and neck

31
Q

What are the normal angle of inclination?

A

125 degrees

taller person = larger angle
shorter person = smaller angle

32
Q

What is coxa valga?

A

increase angle causes femoral head to be directed more superiorly in the acetabelum

33
Q

What is the effects of coxa valga to the hip?

A
  • Changes the orientation of the joint reaction force
  • mechanical disadvantage
  • increased overall length of UE
34
Q

How does coxa valga change the orientation of the joint reaction force?

A

From vertical direction -> almost parallel to shaft

= increased stress across the joint (not specialized to take that force)

35
Q

What is the mechanical disadvantage of coxa valga?

A

Moment arm of hip abduction is short
= contaction is more vigorous to stabilize the pelvis

produces another increase in joint reaction force

36
Q

What is the cause of an overall length for coxa valga?

A

Decreases physiological angle of the knee
- more stress on medial aspect of the knee joint
- more likely to impinge the hip FAI

37
Q

Coxa Vara

What is the orientation?

A

More horizontal orientation of femoral neck

38
Q

Coxa Vara

Where is the direction of force?

A

Increased downward shear forces

39
Q

Coxa Vara

What is an important change regarding angle of pull?

A

Increases the effective angle of pull and lever arm of hip abduction

40
Q

Coxa Vara

What is reduced?

A

Compressive forces BUT increased shear and torsional forces @ fem head/neck junction

41
Q

Coxa Vara

How is the knee affected?

A

causes lateral compressive forces at the knee
- medial tensile

42
Q

What is the most likely outcome of coxa vara?

A

More likely to fracture

43
Q

What are the anteversion?

A

anterior orientation of the neck = more hip IR

44
Q

What kind of gait is associated with anteversion?

A

In-toeing gait

45
Q

What is retroversion?

A

Increased femoral ER

46
Q

What kind of gait is associated with retroversion?

A

Out-toeing gait

PHTH 517 - Ortho Midterm LE (10 decks)

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