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PHTH 517 > Elbow - Non-muscular > Flashcards

Elbow - Non-muscular Flashcards

1
Q

Arthritis

What is the cause of arthritis?

A

Can be from lots of conditions:
- trauma
- RA
- crystalline diseases (gout, pseudogout)
- infections (septic arthritis)
- OA

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2
Q

Arthritis

What population is arthritis common in?

A

most common in men
- with hx of strenous work
- throwing sports
- trauma

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3
Q

Arthritis

What age group is athritis prevelant in?

A

40 to 60 y.o

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4
Q

Arthritis

What is the RA sujective findings?

A

Pain and swelling

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5
Q

Arthritis

What is the non-RA inflammatory subjective findings?

A

Acute pain
Swelling
Effusion
Loss of ROM
Warmth

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6
Q

Arthritis

What is the OA subjective findings?

A

Pain
Stiffness
Mechanical locking
Occasional deformity

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7
Q

Arthritis

What is the subjective findings with septic arthritis?

A

Acute and severe spain
Stiffness
Warmth
Swelling
Effusion
Constitutional sx of fever
Chills
Malaise

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8
Q

Arthritis

What are the objective findings of RA?

A

joint swelling
^ Rheumatoid nodules over olecranon and extensor surface of forearm
joint instability (in advanced cases)

Nodules - firm lumps over the skin

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9
Q

Arthritis

What are the objective findings of non-RA and septic arthritis?

A

hella painful with resisted ROM

can very much see effusion and feel warmth

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10
Q

Arthritis

What are the objective findings of OA?

A

Min effusion

joint line tenderness

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11
Q

Arthritis

What is the confirmatory/special tests to help dx?

A

valgus/varus for joint instability
main thing would be diff dx :)

Radiographs are also sufficient enough

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12
Q

Arthritis

What is the primary goal of intervention for OA caused?

A

Rest
NSAIDs
keep motion w/ soft stretching :0
modify any activity that flares sx

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13
Q

Arthritis

What is the primary goal of intervention for RA caused?

A

Intra-articular corticosteroid injection :0
gentle PT
static/hinged splints

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14
Q

Arthritis - Prognosis

What can be helpful with OA cases?

A

Arthroscopic debridement and taking out loose bodies

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15
Q

Arthritis - Prognosis

What seems to be helpful with early stage RA that doesn’t work with conservative measures?

A

Synovectomy w/ or w/o radial head excision can give them pain relief

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16
Q

Arthritis - Prognosis

What is the best possible option for RA that is too far gone and have severe limitations?

A

Total elbow athroplasty :(

17
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What is the probable cause?

A

From a trauma (FOOSH)

Force of impact: hand –> wrist and forearm –> radial head

This basically forces the bone to go up to the capitellum (crazy frfr)

18
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

Mason Johnston Fx Type 1

A

Nondisplaced or minimally displaced Fx

19
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

Mason Johnston Fx Type 2

A

displaced > 2mm @ articular surface
or
angled neck fx = out of place articular surface or mechanical block

20
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

Mason Johnston Fx Type 3

A

Bad bad splinter fx of head and neck

21
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

Mason Johnston Fx Type 4

A

Has to do with ulnohumeral dislocation

22
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What are the subjective findings?

A

C/O of pain and swelling @ lateral side of elbow

Loss of elbow motion (can be either pain, joint diffusion or mechanical block)

23
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What are the objective findings?

A
  • Palpate for deformities or tenderness @ radial head
  • look at neurovascular function of the forearm and hand (can be damaged)
  • passive supination/pronation (can be limited) and possibly crepitus
  • AROM elbow flexion and extension (can be limited)
24
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What are the confirmatory/special tests?

A

dx is based on hx, physical exam and imaging

Type 1 fx = can’t see from imaging
Type 2 and 3 fx = obvious on imaging

25
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What is the goal for type 1 fx interventions?

A

Put in a sling/splint w/ early AROM (do as much as they can tolerate)

26
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

When is strength training initated for a type 1 fx intervention?

A

Isometrics start @ 3 weeks

Concentric @ 5-6 weeks

Resistance @ 8 weeks (w/ imagining confirming healing time)

27
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What is the rule of threes for type 2 intervention?

A

Conservative if Fx is:

  1. LESS than 1/3 of articular surface
  2. LESS than 30 deg of angulation
  3. Displacement under 3 mm
28
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck

What is the intervention goal for type 3?

A

Best treated by early excision of the bone fragments

29
Q

Fracture of Radial Head-Neck - Type 3

How long does rehab last after internal fixation?

A

Usually last 12 weeks

30
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

Where is a bursitis usually seen?

A

between the olecranon process of ulna and overlying skin

31
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What population is it common in?

A

students athletes
since they have the possibiility of falling and hitting an elbow on a hard surface

athletes like wrestlers, basketball, football, indoor soccer and hockey

32
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What is the common MOI?

A

Through direct trauma or repetitive WB

33
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What is the subjective findings?

A

C/O gradual pain and swelling (chronic) or sudden (acute)
decreased ROM or can’t don a long sleeve shirt

34
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What are the objective findings we’ll see?

A

swelling @ olecranon process - can vary in size
- look for infection = tenderness for trauma or infection

35
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

How are we able to confirm dx?

A

I mean just look at it tf???????????????
- literally dont need for imagining

cell count, gram stain or crystal analysis to help rule out gout or infection (but we dont even do that but okkkkk)

36
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What can help relieve discomfort and ROM restrictions?

A

Aspiration

37
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What is the principles adapted for intervention?

A

Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
Manual therapy
early motion
medication

Keep track of infections = medical attention ASAP

38
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

What is the qualifications for surgery?

A
  • recurring even though 3 or more repeated aspirations
  • infection doesn’t go away w/ antibiotics

PHTH 517 (16 decks)

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