The Helping Relationship Flashcards
What two therapeutic elements combine in the treatment of behaviour disorders?
- A therapeutic relationship between the client and therapist
- Therapeutic techniques (could be biochemical or psychological)
What are the six categories of mental health professional?
Counselling and clinical psychologists (Dr. of philosophy or psychology)
Psychiatrists: Medical doctors who specialize in psychotherapy and biomedical treatments
Psychiatric social worker : work in community agencies
Marriage and Family counsellors : problems from family relations
Pastoral counsellors: tend to focus on spiritual issues
Abuse counsellors: work with substance and sexual abusers and their victims
What are 5 major treatment approach for psychological disorders?
1. Psychodynamic 2, Humanistic 3. Cognitive 4. Behavioural 5. Biological
What 2 things does the psychodynamic approach focus on?
- Internal conflict
2. Unconscious factors that underlie maladaptive behaviour
What is the goal of psychoanalysis?
Help clients achieve insight
•Identify and redirect maladaptive routines and behaviours
Insight
in Gestalt psychology, the sudden perception of a useful relationship or a solution to a problem; in psychoanalysis, the conscious awareness of unconscious dynamics that underlie psychological problems
Free association
in psychoanalysis, the procedure of verbalizing all thoughts that enter consciousness without censorship
•recline couch thing
What is free association used for?
probably will NOT lead to unconscious material
It provides clues concerning important themes or issues
What did Freud call “the royal roads to the unconsciousness”?
Dreams
How can dream interpretation to be done
Client free associates to each element in the dream and therapist helps them arrive at what they mean?
Resistance
largely unconscious manoeuvres that protect clients from dealing with anxiety-arousing material in therapy
Transference
the psychoanalytic phenomenon in which a client responds irrationally to the analyst as if the latter were an important person from the client’s past who plays an important role in the client’s dynamics
What are the two types of transference?
- positive: Occurs when a client transfers feelings of intense affection, dependency or love to the analyst
- Negative: irrational expressions of anger, hatred and disappointment
What are interpretations and how are they used by analysts?
in psychoanalysis, a statement made by the analyst that is intended to promote insight in the client
•DOES NOT provide deep insight, this can be irrelevant and does not help the client
When is therapy most helpful?
At the beginning
•The rate of improvement at the beginning and decreased over time
What is the difference between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies ?
Psychodynamic:
- Patient and client face each other and talk
- one- two / week
- Focus on specific current life issues
Analysis:
- Patient free associates
- Daily
- Complete rebuilding of the client personality
Interpersonal Therapy
a form of brief therapy that focuses on the client’s interpersonal problems and seeks to develop new interpersonal skills
What is interpersonal therapy used to treat
Depression
Somatic system disorders
How do humanist theorists view behaviour?
How is the different from psychodynamics theory’s?
Humans are capable of consciously controlling their actions and taking responsibility for their choices and behaviours
•Everyone has inner resources for self healing and personal growth
Psychodynamics: Behaviour is a product of our unconscious
What is the goal of a humanist therapist?
To create an environment in which clients can engage in self exploration and remove the barriers that block their natural tendencies toward personal growth
What approach does humanists focus on?
On the present and future
What is the most widely used form of humanistic therapy?
Client Centred
Carl Rogers
According to Rogers what are three important and interrelated therapists attributes?
- Unconditional positive regard
- Empathy
- Genuineness
Unconditional Positive regard
a communicated attitude of total and unconditional acceptance of another person that conveys the person’s intrinsic worth
•Trusting relation partly develop by therapists refusal to offer or advice (trust patient can work through problems)
Empathy
the capacity for experiencing the same emotional response being exhibited by another person; in therapy, the ability of a therapist to view the world through the client’s eyes and to understand the client’s emotions
•Can be expressed through listening and rephrasing
Genuineness
the ability of a therapist to honestly express his or her feelings to a client
•Either positive or negative
Gestalt
The perceptual principles through which people actively organize stimulus elements into meaningful “whole” patterns
What is the goal of Gestalt therapy?
To bring the background wishes and feelings into awareness so that the client can feel whole again
What is a technique of Gestalt therapists?
Role-Play
–Empty chair exercise
They are more imaginative and dramatic
How can Gestalt Therapy Help?
It causes an increased understanding, empathy or forgiveness of the other person or an ability to hold the others accountable for wrongdoing
•Empty chair can help resolve problems of unfinished business
