Personality Disorders Flashcards
Personality Disorders
stable, inflexible, and maladaptive personality styles
•unresolved conflicts tend to re-emerge
What personality disorder is the most destructive to society?
The antisocial personality disorder
According to the DMS-5, what are the 6 types of personality disorders ?
- Antisocial
- Narcissistic
- Borderline
- Avoidant
- Obsessive-Compulsice
- Schizotypal
What are the major features of Narcissistic personality disorder?
Grandiose fantasies or behaviour, lack of empathy and oversensitivity to evaluation; constant need for admiration from others; proud self-display
What are the major features of Borderline personality disorder?
Pattern of severe instability of self-image, interpersonal relationships and emotion, often expressing alternating extremes of love and hatred toward the same person; high frequency of manipulative suicidal behaviour
What are the major features of Avoidant personality disorder?
Extreme social discomfort and timidity; feelings of inadequacy and fearfulness of being negatively evaluated
What are the major features of Obsessive– Compulsive personality disorder?
extreme perfectionism, orderliness and inflexibility; preoccupied with mental and interpersonal control
What are the major features of Schizotypal personality disorder?
Odd thoughts, appearance, behaviour and extreme discomfort in social situations
Antisocial personality disorder
a disorder involving behaviour that is interpersonally destructive and emotionally harmful and exhibits a lack of conscience. Formerly called psychopaths or sociopaths. Males outnumber females 3 to 1, they are not all antisocial
What are the two behavioural clusters of behaviours associated with psychopathy?
- Selfishness, callousness and interpersonal manipulation
- Impulsivity, instability and social deviance
•A diagnosis of antisocial personality requires both behaviour clusters
How do psychopaths put themselves out to the society?
Charming, very intelligent, ability to rationalize their inappropriate behaviour
What is the heritability of antisocial behaviour?
0.4 to 0.5
What physiological dysfunctions in the brain may be related to antisocial behaviour, what are they linked to?
Emotional arousal and behavioural self-control from The amygdala and the prefrontal cortex
•leads to impulsiveness, chronically unaroused state, impairs avoidance learning, causes boredom and that leads to search for excitement
Antisocial patients also have lower heart rates when under stress Neurological deficits in prefrontal cortex
What is the difference between how psychodynamic theorists, psychoanalyst theorists and cognitive theorists view antisocial behaviour?
Psychodynamic: Psychopaths lack conscious
Psychoanalysts: Psychopaths lack anxiety and guilt because they did not develop an adequate superego
Cognitive: consistent failure to think about or anticipate the long term negative consequences of their acts. (act impulsively)
What would cause a failure or lack of super ego?
Inadequate identification with appropriate adult figures because these figures were either physically or psychologically unavailable to the child
Where can modelling antisocial behaviour come from?
Parents/ families
Peers
How do learning theorists believe that antisocial behaviour is developed?
The poor impulse control occurs in individuals because of an impaired ability to develop conditioned fear responses when punished.
This corresponds to the lower physiological arousal and amygdala activity identified with brain recordings
What did Hans Eysenck believe in regard to antisocial behaviour>
Developing a conscious depends on an ability to learn fear and inhibitory avoidance responses, and people who fail to do so will be less able to inhibit their behaviour
Borderline Personality Disorder
a collection of symptoms characterized primarily by serious instability in behaviour, emotion, identity, and interpersonal relationships
Borderline Personality disorder is apparent in ____ to ____ % of the general population.
about 2/3 are _____
3 to 5
women
What is a central feature in BPD? Explain it
Emotional dysregulation
an inability to control negative emotions in response of stressful life events
Many of which borderline individuals themselves cause
What disorders is BPD associated with?
Mood disorders
PTSD
Substance– abuse disorders
What are borderline patients hard to treat?
Clinging dependency
Irrational anger
Tendency to engage in manipulative suicide threats and gestures as effort to control the therapist
Read this
As they mature, the behaviours of borderline individuals tend to evoke negative reactions and rejections from others, affirming their sense of worthlessness and their view of the world as malevolent
As they mature, the behaviours of borderline individuals tend to evoke negative reactions and rejections from others, affirming their sense of worthlessness and their view of the world as malevolent
Splitting
the failure to integrate positive and negative aspects of another’s behaviour into a coherent whole
Ex. a parent who is usually accepting but sometimes voices disapproval
•Reflects the sudden shift from extreme love and clinging dependence to intense hatred or feeling of abandonment
BPD is an interaction between what factors?
Biological,
early history of trauma, rejection and psychological if not physical abandonment
Sociocultural (in societies that are unstable and rapidly changing)
