The heart vessels Flashcards
The left atrium is supplied
the left coronary artery and its major branch the left circumflex.
right coronary artery supplies
right ventricle and the atrioventricular node + sino atrial node in the majority of patients.
left ventricle supplied by
left marginal artery
left ventricle supplied by
LAD
interventricular septum supplied by
posterior descending artery supplies the posterior third of the interventricular septum.
what is claudication
Claudication is a condition in which patients develop pain in a limb during periods of exercise. The underlying disorder is usually that of arterial insufficiency.
A 63-year-old man has a history of claudication that has been present for many years. He is recently evaluated in the clinic and a duplex scan shows that he has an 85% stenosis of the superficial femoral artery. Two weeks later he presents with a 1 hour history of severe pain in his leg. On examination he has absent pulses in the affected limb and it is much cooler than the contra-lateral limb. Which process best accounts for this presentation?
thrombosis
In an existing lesion a complication such as thrombosis is more likely than embolus. These patients should receive heparin and imaging with duplex scanning. Whilst an early surgical bypass or intra-arterial thrombolysis may be indicated, an embolectomy should not generally be performed as the lesion is not an embolus and the operation therefore ineffective.
two nerves that can be damaged in carotid artery surgery
facial nerve - affect muscles of facial expression
vagus nerve - speech and voice problems and hoarseness
vages nerve leaves what foramen
jugular foramen
mechanism for a vasovagal attack?
heart rate slows and blood vessels dilate ( vasodilation and you get venous pooling
Vasovagal syncope is the most common type of fainting, most commonly found in adolescents and in older adults.
specific trigger
Prior to losing consciousness, the individual frequently experiences early signs or symptoms such as lightheadedness, nausea, sweating or tinnitus (ringing in the ears). When sufferers pass out, they fall down allowing blood flow to the brain to be restored due to the elimination of gravity, allowing the person to regain consciousness.
the left gonadal vein drains into
left renal vein
right gonadal into IVC
what two artieries are formed by the marginal artery of Drummond
The marginal artery of Drummond is an anastomosis formed by the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery
what drugs reduce LDL
Statins are a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad cholesterol”, and statins reduce the production of it inside the liver.
statins all have statin at the end of the word e.g. atorvastaiin, fluvastatin and simvastatin
The wall of a blood vessel is divided into a tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima forms the innermost layer and this contains endothelial cells separated by gap junctions.
endothelial cells separated by gap junctions.
The middle layer is the tunica media, this contains the
and is seperated how from the other two layers
smooth muscle cells and is separated from the intima by the internal elastic lamina and the adventitia by the external elastic lamina.
