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AP 200 > The heart chapter 5 > Flashcards

The heart chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is located between the lungs within the ________

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

the _____ is the inferior end formed by left ventricle

A

apex

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3
Q

the _____ is the superior/posterior portion formed by the atria

A

base

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4
Q

each atrium possess a wrinkled pouch-like extension called the _____

A

auricle

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5
Q

____ or grooves on the surface of the heart

A

sulci

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6
Q

______ is at the junction of the atria and ventricles encircling the heart

A

coronary sulcus

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7
Q

_________is a shallow groove between left and right ventricles on the anterior surface

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

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8
Q

is a shallow groove between left and right ventricles on the posterior surface

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

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9
Q

_______ exits the anterior, superior portion of the right ventricle

A

pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

the pulmonary trunk carries _______out of the heart to the lungs

A

deoxygenated blood

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11
Q

_______ enter the left atrium superiorly and posteriorly

A

pulmonary veins

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12
Q

pulmonary veins carry ______ blood returning from the lungs

A

oxygenated

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13
Q

______ exits the left ventricle as the ascending aorta

A

aorta

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14
Q

______ enters the right atrium superiorly carrying deoxygenated blood from parts of the body superior to the heart

A

superior vena cava

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15
Q

______ also enters the right atrium inferiorly carry deoxygenated blood from parts of the body inferior to the heart

A

inferior vena cava

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16
Q

______ outer most layer, dense connective tissue which anchors heart in mediastinum

A

fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

____ outer serous membrane underlying the fibrous pericardium to which it is fused

A

parietal pericardium

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18
Q

_______ inner serous membrane

A

visceral pericardium

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19
Q

________ located between the parietal and visceral layers, it is a thin space containing pericardial fluid which functions to reduce friction

A

pericardial cavity

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20
Q

______ - outer layer; a.k.a. visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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21
Q

_____middle layer, cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

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22
Q

endocardium - inner layer of _______(simple squamous epithelium) over thin connective tissue

A

endothelium

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23
Q

_______ in the heart function to prevent back flow of blood

A

valves

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24
Q

_________
located between the atria and ventricles

A

two atrioventricular (AV) valves

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25
Q

right AV valve or ______

A

tricuspid

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26
Q

left AV valve or _____

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

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27
Q

chordae tendinae - tendon-like cords that connect AV valves to _______

A

papillary muscles

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28
Q

______
located between the heart and vessels

A

two semilunar valves

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29
Q

__________
located between the pulmonary trunk and the right

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

30
Q

________
located between the aorta and the left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

31
Q

interatrial septum location of the_______

A

fossa ovalis

32
Q

interatrial septum remnant of the ______

A

foramen ovale

33
Q

______receives blood from the 4 pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

34
Q

________receives blood from the right atrium

A

right ventricle

35
Q

_________divides the left and right ventricles

A

interventricular septum

36
Q

_______receives blood from the left atrium

A

left ventricle

37
Q

_______connective tissue cord that connects the pulmonary

A

ligamentum arteriosum

38
Q

ligamentum arteriosum it is a remnant of the _______-, a blood vessel of the fetus, which allowed blood to bypass the lungs

A

ductus arteriosus

39
Q

there are connections between the branches of the left and right coronary arteries, called ________, which provide alternate routes for the blood to reach the various regions of the heart muscle

A

anastomoses

40
Q

deoxygenated blood from the heart collects in the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein, they then drain into the _______ which empties into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

41
Q

_________from the right half of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation of blood and back to the left half of the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

42
Q

_______
from the left half of the heart to the capillary beds of the body to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide and back to the right half of the heart

A

systemic circulation

43
Q

_____ carry blood AWAY from the heart

44
Q

_____carry blood TOWARD the heart

45
Q

_____ are small arteries

A

arterioles

46
Q

______ are small veins

47
Q

At rest about____________ simultaneously by each half of the heart; this can dramatically increase when the need arises

A

5 L of blood is pumped per minute

48
Q

contains gap junctions along with desmosomes = _________between cells, allows

A

intercalated discs

49
Q

cardiac muscle cells are ________ and contract involuntarily

A

autorhythmic

50
Q

thus the heart continuously and rhythmically contracts and relaxes about _______

A

70 times per minute

51
Q

Autorhythmic Cells
the specialized autorhythmic cells act as the _______ and form the rest of the conduction system (for coordinated and effective contraction)

52
Q

_______
located in right atrium near superior vena cava and the coronary sinus

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

53
Q

__________transmits impulse to AV node
maintains rhythm of 90 - 100 bpm (beats per minute)
note that this is higher than the normal resting heart rate of 70 bpm

A

primary pacemaker

54
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)
located in interatrial septum
________

A

secondary pacemaker

55
Q

the______ refers to all the events that are associated with one heartbeat

A

cardiac cycle

56
Q

_______= contraction phase of the heart beat

57
Q

_______ = relaxation phase of the heart beat

58
Q

act of listening to sounds within the body is called _____

A

auscultation

59
Q

_______is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute

A

cardiac output

60
Q

______initiates contraction and will set a steady heart rate, but there are other factors which contribute to the regulation of heart rate

61
Q

autonomic control of heart rate
* the _______ is located in the medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular control center

62
Q

cardiac accelerator nerves
arise from the ______ of the medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular center

63
Q

________ arises from the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata_

A

Vagus (X) nerve

64
Q

_______is a situation in which cardiac muscle tissue is damaged because of inadequate blood flow to the heart

A

coronary artery disease

65
Q

______ narrowing of arteries due to fatty plaque buildup

A

atherosclerosis,

66
Q

______refers to an abnormality or irregularity in heart rhythm

A

arrhythmia

67
Q

_______
asynchronous atrial contractions so that they quiver instead of pump

A

atrial fibrillation

68
Q

________
is asynchronous ventricular contractions so that they quiver instead of pump

A

ventricular fibrillation

69
Q

________ is a site other than the SA node that becomes the pacemaker because of abnormal self-excitability

A

ectopic pacemaker

70
Q

Quiz image slide 41

71
Q

orthostatic hypotension bonus question

AP 200 (12 decks)

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