Blood part 1 Flashcards
osis
condition
penia
want, lack
poiesis
formation
rhage
burst forth
stasis
standing still
thromb
clot
blood pH =
7.35-7.45
_______is the clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood
Plasma
____ is plasma minus the clotting proteins
Serum
_________which are made by the liver
three major types of plasma proteins
54% maintain plasma osmotic pressure and blood volume
albumins
38% alpha and beta globulins: transport fatty acids, hormones, drugs
globulins
7% fibrinogen and prothrombin which are precursors to clotting fibers
clotting or coagulation factors
Other Solutes of the blood
salts or electrolytes, buffers
phosphate ions
bicarbonate ions
these major ______ absorb or release hydrogen ions to maintain normal pH (7.35 - 7.45)
buffers
___________
nutrients, enzymes, hormones, vitamins
metabolic wastes: urea, uric acid, creatine, ammonia, bilirubin
organic solutes other than plasma proteins
Solutes of blood 3 gasses
carbon dioxide
oxygen
nitrogen
most abundant of the formed elements
Erythrocytes
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein used to transport carbon dioxide and oxygen
____ is the protein portion
Globin
Four attached _____ groups
each _____ contains an iron atom with which a molecule if oxygen may associate and dissociate
heme, heme
The _______is equal to the percentage of red blood cells per unit volume of blood
hematocrit
The hematocrit is equal to the percentage of red blood cells per unit volume of blood
average of ___________
47 in males, 42 in females
hemoatopoiesis vs erythropoiesis
Hematopoiesis is the process of producing all types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) from stem cells in the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis is a specific subset of hematopoiesis focused on the production of red blood cells.
formed elements consist of _______ are plasma is _______
cells and cell fragments, everything else
plasma is ___% of blood
55
formed elements make up ____% of blood
45
hemoglobin has a molecule of ____ at the center
Iron
when the blood becomes saturated with oxygen at the lungs it appears bright red and is called _____
oxyhemoglobin
when the blood has delivered oxygen to the tissues and the hemoglobin loses the oxygen, it is called _______
reduced hemoglobin
at the same time hemoglobin would pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and it could also be referred to as _________
carbaminohemoglobin
***Note that hemoglobin has a _________ for carbon monoxide than for oxygen
200x greater affinity
hemoglobin can carry both_____ and _____ dioxide carbon dioxide binds to the protein oxygen to the heme
oxygen, carbon
***_________ the parent cells of all blood cells in the body
pluripotent stem cell
Erythropoietin stimulates _____ in red bone marrow to differentiate into proerythroblasts
stem cells
Proerythroblasts ——-> _________(immature red blood cells)
reticulocytes
______have a granular cytoplasm and lobed nucleus….. Include:
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
Granulocytes
______ have a nongranular cytoplasm and a spherical or bean-shaped nucleus….. Include:
lymphocytes
monocytes
Agranulocytes
_______60 - 70% most abundant of the white blood cells
also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes
phagocytize bacteria – high levels with acute infections
neutrophils
20 - 25%
are a family of cells including B cells and T cells
size varies considerably
produced in the bone marrow, but may differentiate elsewhere
reside in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and other lymphatic tissue
important for immunity
lymphocytes
________present in spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow and blood
have the ability to destroy a wide variety of antigens
Natural Killer Cells
______ are found in blood
they cross capillary walls and enter tissue spaces where they differentiate into _______
monocytes, macrophages
_______
bilobed nucleus
function as phagocytes
increased number in parasitic worm infections, allergic reactions, lupus
eosinophils
______
irregular, bilobed nucleus
similar to mast cells found in loose connective tissue
granules contains histamine
intensifies inflammatory response
basophils
platelets are actually disc-shaped cell fragments formed from ________ in the red bone marrow under influence of the local hormone ________
megakaryocytes, thrombopoietin
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
function in _______or the stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
platelets function in formation of a ______ and the granules contain chemicals that promote ______ or blood clotting
platelet plug, coagulation
______Based on 2 antigens (A and B) on the surface of RBCs
ABO system
if a person is given the wrong blood type in a transfusion, their antibodies will destroy the donated cells
_______of red blood cells will occur
hemolysis
if a person with type A blood receives type B blood, the antibodies for type B will attack the donated cells
when they mix outside the body ______ occurs (clumping of red blood cells)
agglutination
because someone with type AB+ blood has no antibodies, they are the ________
universal recipient
_________: someone with type O- blood can donate to anyone because their red blood cells lack A, B and Rh antigens so no hemolysis of the cells would occur
universal donor
__________
caused by fetal maternal incompatibility
an Rh- mom and a 2nd Rh+ fetus
she can be given medication to neutralize antibodies to Rh factor
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn or Erythroblastosis Fetalis
_____is a symptom not a disease and it is a decreased ability to carry oxygen
anemia
vigorous massage ______ for most types of anemia except iron deficiency anemia
contraindicated
________
deep bruise between muscles and coverings due to leakage of blood
painful with a gel-like feel to the tissue
massage locally with caution due to pain and possibility of blood clots forming
gentle massage can aid removal of debris
hematoma
_______genetic disorder in which a clotting factor is missing (factor VIII or IX)
hemophilia
massage ______for hemophilia as it could cause blood vessel rupture
contraindicated
_______
one of several different types of cancers of white blood cells in which there is excessive production of nonfunctional cells
leukemia
massage ________ for leukemia unless in remission (excessive bleeding and bruising)
contraindicated
_________* infection of epithelial tissue of salivary glands and throat which spreads to lymph nodes
* due to the Epstein-Barr virus
mononucleosis
mononucleosis, massage _________; in later
contraindicated in acute stage
________
genetic disorder in which a faulty sickle-cell hemoglobin (Hb-S) is produced
Sickle-cell anemia
3 Clotting Disorders
DVT
MI
CVA
________
Low Dose ASA
Heparin
Coumadin (warfarin)
tPA
Anti-Coagulants (commonly called “Blood Thinners”)
__________ drug given for Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
rhogam
quiz no disorders everything up to blood typing
