The Heart+blood Flashcards
Double circulation
Pulmonary —> to lungs
Systematic —> to the body
Transport system
Blood vessels,heart, blood
Blood vessels
Arteries, veins, capillaries
Valves
Control the flow of blood in the heart
Blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
Blood clotting
Prevents blood loss, protects against entry of pathogens
Vaccination
Immune systems stimulated
Memory cells made
Future exposure to that pathogen is easily destroyed
Arteries
Oxygenated blood, away from heart
*pulmonary arterie
Deoxygenated blood, to lungs
Veins
Deoxygenated blood, back to the heart
Pulmonary vein
Oxygenated blood, from lungs to left atrium
Difference between veins and arteries
Veins have valves
Atria
Blood enters
Contracts forcing blood into ventricles
Ventricles
Ventricles contract
Blood to lungs from right
Blood around the body from left
Systole
Blood forced out of the arteries
Diastole
The heart filling with blood
The heart
Aorta Pulmonary artery Vena cava pulmonary vein Heart wall
Aorta
Oxygenated blood around the body
Pulmonary vein
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs
Heart wall
Thicker on left, to pump blood around the body
Blood components
Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Diffusion Blood clotting
Plasma
Transports dissolved food molecules, carbon dioxide, urea, blood cells.
Mainly water
Red blood cells
Haemoglobin, transports oxygen due to bi concave
White blood cells
Defend the body against microbes
phagocytes and memory lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Engulf pathogens
Memory lymphocytes
Give us immunity
Platelets
Help clot the blood
Diffusion
Allows substances to move between blood and cells
Blood clotting steps
Injury Platelets arrive Calcium ions present Thrombin formed which acts as fibrinogen Turns it to fibrin
Lymphocytes
Make antibodies to stick to pathogens (easier to swallow)
Antibodies
Act as labels, pathogen now more recognisable
Bacterial cells burst open
Neutralises toxins produced by the bacteria
Vaccination
A weakened/dead version of the pathogen
Blood leaving the glomerulus
Low in glucose/water/amino acids/urea/ions
