Genes And Dna

Question 0

Pros of GM plants

Answer 0

Long lasting fruits
Contain more: vitamins, nutrients
Can produce: human antibodies, antigens
Resistance to: weed killers, frost, pests, diseases

Question 1

Genetically modified plants

Answer 1

Introduce a new gene into a plant cell
Produce a whole plant from that single cell
Agrobacterium inserts plasmids into plant cells

Question 2

Cons of GM plants

Answer 2

Pests may become resistant to the plants
Expensive
Worries about them interbreeding with wild plants

Question 3

GM bacteria, single celled

Answer 3

Easy to see the effect of the inserted gene

Question 4

GM bacteria

Answer 4

Used to make human insulin
Enzymes for washing powders to work at high temperatures
Making human growth hormone

Question 5

The nucleus caontains

Answer 5

Contains chromosomes

Question 6

Chromosomes have

Answer 6

Have genes located on them

Question 7

Genes are

Answer 7

Sections of a DNA molecule
Controls certain characteristic developments
Codes for specific proteins
Exists in alternative forms called alleles

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

Give rise to differences int he inherited characteristics

Question 9

Human cells diploid number

Answer 9

46 cells

Question 10

Human cells haploid number

Answer 10

23 cells

Question 11

Sex of a person

Answer 11

Controlled by one pair of chromosomes

Question 12

Sex- female chromosomes

Answer 12

XX

Question 13

Sex- male chromosomes

Answer 13

XY

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

Rare, random changes in the genetic material that can be inherited

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Double helix structure

Can reproduce itself

Question 16

DNA paired bases

Answer 16

Admine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
A-T
G-C

Question 17

Recombinant DNA

Answer 17

DNA from two different species

Question 18

Transgenic / genetically modified organism

Answer 18

An organism that receives a new gene from a different species

Question 19

Restriction enzymes

Answer 19

The enzyme used to cut the gene

Question 20

Ligase enzymes

Answer 20

The enzyme used to stick the gene

Question 21

Genetic modification is

Answer 21

Cutting a gene of an organism

Inserting it into the DNA of another

Question 22

How is Genetic modification done

Answer 22

By using special enzymes

To cut the gene out of a chromosome and sticking it into another

Question 23

Viruses in Genetic modification

Answer 23

Used to transfer pieces of DNA from one organism to another

Question 24

Homozygous

Answer 24

Both Alleles are the same

Question 25

Heterozygous

Answer 25

Two different alleles

Question 26

Phenotype

Answer 26

The physical characteristic of an organism due to a pair of alleles

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

The alleles of a cell/ organism has for a particular feature

Question 28

Codominace

Answer 28

Neither allele is dominant, both contribute to the appearance of the offspring

Question 29

Asexual reproduction

Answer 29

No sex cells | No meiosis

Question 30

Cloning through asexual

Answer 30

A part of the organism grows and forms a genetically identical organism by meiosis

Question 31

Clones

Answer 31

Identical offspring

Question 32

Sexual reproduction

Answer 32

Two sex cells combine to form a new diploid cell (zygote) at fertilisation

Question 33

Identical twins

Answer 33

Formed from the same zygote

Question 34

Meiosis

Answer 34

Results in sex cells (gametes) Two cell divisions Chromosomes divide randomly between the daughter cells so they aren't identical

Question 35

Mitosis steps

Answer 35

Four chromosomes Each chromosome copies itself The cell divides into two Each new cell has a copy of each of the chromosomes

Question 36

Mitosis

Answer 36

Results in two identical daughter cells | The cells are diploid

Question 37

Zygote

Answer 37

Formed after fertilisation, made by meiosis

Question 38

Mitosis in our body

Answer 38

Growth, repair, cloning, asexual reproduction All the cells in our body formed this way (mitosis of the zygote) Important for the replacement of cells (skin, gut, blood cells)

Question 39

Meiosis steps

Answer 39

One cell: each chromosome copies itself Divides once One chromosome from each cell will combine with one other from another cell Four cells produced (each with half the chromosome numbers of the original cell)

Question 40

A mutation

Answer 40

A change in the DNA of a cell

Question 41

When do mutations occur

Answer 41

When the DNA is replicating | As a cell divides

Question 42

Outcomes of mutations

Answer 42

A gene might now code for a different sequence of amino acids They effect the way an organ works (grow) Can be passed on to next generation if takes place in the sex cells

Question 43

Whole chromosome mutations

Answer 43

Result in the death of the cell

Question 44

Body cell numbers

Answer 44

Diploid 46 chromosomes 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes These decide the sex

Question 45

Sex cells (gametes)

Answer 45

Have only one of each pair Only 23 chromosomes each They are haploid

Question 46

Chromosomes

Answer 46

Contained in the nucleus of the cell made up of DNA

Question 47

DNA

Answer 47

Molecules made up of inherited information

Question 48

Genes

Answer 48

Parts of DNA that control different inherited characteristics Control the production of specific proteins in a cell Come in two forms called alleles

Question 49

Alleles

Answer 49

Each one codes for a different form of the same thing | Dominant and recessive

Question 50

Dominant allele

Answer 50

The character they code for shows in the appearance of the individual

Question 51

Recessive allele

Answer 51

The character they code for only shoes if both alleles are recessive